The best time to plant fruit trees in the Moscow region: to plant in spring or autumn?

Most of the fruit trees take root in the Moscow region and the Moscow region. Gardeners are working on the harvests of pears, apples, peaches, cherry plums, cherries, cherries. The process of planting these crops in open ground is simple, the main thing is to follow the recommendations of experienced gardeners. How and when it is better to plant fruit trees in the Moscow region, we will tell further.

Features of planting fruit trees in the Moscow region

The Moscow region is a favorable area for growing fruit trees. Yield levels and plant life depend on many factors, including weather conditions, terrain, soil composition.

In order for the tree to bear fruit stably, it is important to follow the rules of neighborhood with other crops, patterns and distances between plants. During planting, summer residents follow the recommendations for preparing the planting pit and seedlings. In the Moscow region, trees are planted both in spring and autumn - it depends on the culture.

When is it better to plant - in spring or autumn

When is it better to plant fruit trees in the Moscow region - in spring or autumn? There is no consensus on this matter. It all depends on climatic factors. Pay attention to the amount of precipitation, air and soil temperature, temperature drops. It is important to remember that the earth must be warmed up; there is no point in planting fruit trees in the frozen ground. The seedlings will not take root or will often hurt.

Advantages and disadvantages of spring planting

In the spring, the plants are planted immediately after the snow melts. Delay in this matter is unacceptable: if you miss the deadline, the growth rate decreases and fruiting is delayed. This is the main disadvantage of spring planting.

In spring, heat-loving trees are planted - peach, apricot, cherry. They need time to adapt to climatic conditions. If you plant them in the fall, the risks of winter freezing are high. It is also convenient that for spring the landing pit is prepared even before winter; after the snow melts, it remains only to prepare the seedlings and send them to the ground.

Also, in the spring, summer residents have the opportunity to respond quickly to changes in the seedlings. For example, monitor their development and carry out preventive measures to protect against diseases and pests. And the spring supply of water in the ground has a positive effect on growth.

Pros and cons of autumn planting

Plum, apple, pear, quince are planted in autumn. Plants have time to take root before the onset of frost, under the snow cover they gain strength for further development. One of the advantages is that in the fall there is a wider choice of different varieties of fruit trees. There is no such variety in Vienna.

However, autumn planting is not suitable for heat-loving plants. At this time, summer residents use seedlings with closed roots or container planting material. The roots must be in perfect condition, otherwise poor survival is guaranteed.

How to choose the right time for planting

A positive temperature is required for planting any fruit trees. For the Moscow region it is from + 5 ° С and above. It is important to make sure that the frosts have passed (if we are talking about planting in spring) or have not yet come (if we are talking about autumn planting).

The choice of the term depending on the fruit tree

When choosing a planting date, summer residents take into account the type of tree. Apple tree and pears are planted in mid or late April, peaches and apricots - from 5 to 15 September.

Cherries and cherry planted in early October, plum - in late September or mid-April.

Attention! The determining factor when choosing is air temperature and precipitation. Even if the time is right on the calendar, but frost has already come or, conversely, the snow has not melted yet, it is better to postpone the procedure and wait for favorable days.

Calculation according to the lunar calendar

The development of plants is influenced not only by the phase of the moon, but also by its location in the sky. It is generally accepted that the Moon, being in a certain sign of the zodiac, affects different parts of the plant: leaves, roots, stems, trunk, shoots, fruits. Therefore, some summer residents carry out all agrotechnical measures in accordance with the state of the Moon on a particular day. Information about this is contained in the lunar calendar.

For planting fruit trees and shrubs in 2020, the following dates are chosen:

• apple tree: 8-9, 21-23, May 31; September 8-9, 13-14, 18-19, 22-24; 15-16, 20-21 October;
• quince and pear: 8-9, 17-18, 21-23, May 31; 3-4, 8-9, 22-24 September; 15-16, 20-21 October;
• apricot, plum, cherry-plum: August 21-27; September 8-9, 18-19; 15-16, 20-21 October;
• peach, cherry: 8-9, 20-23, May 31; August 9-13, August 21-27; September 22-24; November 16-17.

Planting conditions for seedlings

An important condition is a suitable place for growing. Before planting several fruit trees at once, summer residents draw up a plan in which they indicate the height of the trees and the degree of shading of other crops, the type of crown of the tree, the period of ripening of the fruits. It is important that the plants do not shade each other. If the trees are tall, the distance between them should be at least 5 m, if dwarf trees - at least 3 m.

The area for the tree should be spacious and well lit. A plant with a dense and voluminous crown is planted away from the fence and garden buildings. If the tree is small, a few pieces will make an attractive hedge or landscape design.

There should be no groundwater or swampy areas near the growing site. The root system of most trees does not tolerate waterlogging well, so it is better to resolve this issue in advance. A suitable place is hilly and calm, located on the south side of the garden area.

Transplanting trees

Fruit trees are transplanted at any time of rest - after the foliage is dropped in the fall or until the buds open in the spring. It is recommended to replant plants that are at least 20 years old. A common transplant method is with an earthen lump. With its help, the plant is less injured and begins to bear fruit faster in a new place. The coma should be in the form of a cylinder or a cube. The procedure is simple: a groove is pulled out around the trunk at a distance of 50 cm and all horizontal roots are chopped off. Then humus is added to the groove.

When transplanting, the tree is taken out along with the ground; for this, a tractor or dragging sheets is used. The plant is placed in a planting hole prepared in advance and watered abundantly with water. One adult tree takes about 25 liters. No fertilization is required in the first year after transplanting. If, during the procedure, the plant is damaged, top dressing is applied based on ammonium nitrate - 5 g of substance per 10 liters of water.

Bad and good neighborhood for fruit trees

To increase the yield of fruit trees, it is recommended to pay attention to their compatibility. In the process of development, plants release biological components into the air that affect the fruiting of a number of growing crops. For example, a pear takes root well with an apple tree, but it does not coexist well with quince, cherry, cherry, peach, plum, apricot.

Examples of neighborhood:

• a peach takes root with an apple tree, does not take root with a pear, cherry, plum;
• the apple tree is unpretentious, takes root with rowan, cherry, pear, unfavorable neighbors - viburnum, sweet cherry;
• plum takes root with cherries, cherry plums and sweet cherries, poorly adjoins pears.

Preparatory stage

The preparation stage begins with the selection of seedlings. They must be healthy and strong, with a stem thickness of 2-3 cm and skeletal branches 45 cm long. When buying, they inspect the trunk and the condition of the bark; it should not have traces of insects and pests. If the seedlings are sold in a container, the roots must be firm and firmly seated inside the container.

Attention! If the seedlings are acquired long before planting, the roots are wrapped in a damp cloth and the plant is removed to a cool and dark place. This is necessary in order to prevent the root system from drying out. Before planting, the weak roots are removed, and the rest are soaked in the growth stimulator "Kornevin". From the container, the seedlings are transferred to the planting pit along with a clod of earth.

For planting, pits are prepared with a depth of about 80 cm and a diameter of 1 m.The earth is dug, a mixture of compost or humus (2-3 buckets), peat crumb (3-4 buckets), 1 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of ash is introduced into the pit. In the middle of the pit, a stake is driven in for support. To improve the nutritional properties, the top layer of the soil is laid aside, the dug hole is sprinkled with earth mixed with sand, turf and peat.

Correct fit algorithm

How to plant a tree correctly? Experienced gardeners recommend following this algorithm:

1. After preparing the pit, the seedling is placed in the hole, the roots are straightened, the central root is placed vertically. Pay attention to the fact that there are no bends and creases of the roots.
2. Sprinkle the soil between the roots, periodically shaking the plant.
3. The soil is compacted so that there are no air pockets and voids.
4. It is recommended to plant trees with an assistant: one holds the plant, the other sprinkles it with earth.
5. A small mound is made on the surface of the pit, so that in the future the earth will settle.
6. Water the plant with 2-3 liters of water, having previously prepared a ditch near the trunk circle.
7. The plot is mulched with sawdust and peat chips. Mulch retains moisture and helps the plant adapt more quickly to the growing area.

Conclusion

Fruit trees are planted in fall or spring. For autumn planting, apple and pear trees are chosen, for spring planting, heat-loving peaches and apricots. The planting pit is prepared in advance, fertilized with peat, manure and mineral dressings. Use annual or biennial seedlings, choosing healthy specimens with strong roots. Before planting, they are soaked in a growth stimulator, then placed in a pit.

Summer residents choose spacious sunny areas for trees - this guarantees a good harvest. It is also important to respect the compatibility of different fruit trees with each other. Follow-up care consists of fertilization, watering, pruning and shaping.