Choosing which onion to plant on greens before winter and plant it correctly

Green onions are usually planted in spring, but for an earlier harvest, this is done in the fall. Such plants are more resistant to diseases and pests. To harvest a rich harvest of greens, they take into account all the nuances of growing before winter: the choice of a suitable onion, location, planting technology and rules for caring for the crop.

Pros and cons of planting green onions before winter

The main advantage of this kind of cultivation is a quick harvest of greens. It is harvested a month earlier than onions planted in spring.

Such a culture is more resistant to various diseases, since it has passed the winter hardening. It is less affected by pests: the first shoots appear when many insects are not yet present. Onions are less overgrown with weeds, as they develop faster. Fall planting saves time and space for other crops that are planted in spring.

Disadvantages of growing before winter:

• low germination;
• difficulties in determining the optimal landing time due to different climatic conditions;
• if the bulb does not have time to take root before frost, it will freeze.

What onion to plant on greens before winter

Many types of onions are suitable for planting before winter, which differ in appearance, taste and ripening time.

Batun

Onions, which are often grown for greens. Onion - perennial, grows in one place up to ten years.

The most productive are the first 3-4 years after sowing.

Onion leaves are tubular, up to 40 cm high, up to 2 cm in diameter. Dark green, covered with a thin waxy coating. At the batun well-developed root system.

The false bulb is oblong, poorly developed, slightly spicy to the taste.

Important! The species is frost-resistant. Greenery grows from early spring to late autumn, tolerates low temperatures down to -8 ° C.

Productivity is high: up to 10 kg of leaves are cut from 1 m2 over the summer.

The most popular varieties with high yields: Maisky, April, Russian winter, Tenderness.

Schnitt

Another name for the species - chives. It has the shape of a spreading bush. It is most often found in flower beds as a decorative decoration.

Popular varieties: Grasse, Spring of the North, Green Ray, Carat, Elvi.

The leaves are tubular, up to 40 cm high. The color is bright green, the taste is pungent. The root system is branched. A small bulb forms in late summer.

Schnitt is unpretentious, resistant to low temperatures, and grows in regions with a harsh climate. From 1 m2, up to 6 kg of greens are harvested per season.

Slime

Salad onions, high in vitamin C and iron.

It tastes more like garlic.

The leaves are wide, flat, up to 30 cm long, dark green. The plant has a well-developed root system.

The false bulb is cylindrical, 2-3 bulbs are attached to each rhizome.

Up to 3-4 kg of greens are harvested from 1 m2 per season.

The most productive varieties: Green, Leader, Charm.

Multi-tiered

The second name of the species is Egyptian.

On the peduncle of the plant, bulbs are formed, forming several tiers.

The height of the first tier reaches 50 cm, the next - up to 20 cm. Up to 4-5 tiers are formed in one season.

The leaves are hollow, up to 80 cm long, dark green with a waxy bloom.

The taste is spicy. A false bulb is formed. The root system is branched.

Onions are resistant to low temperatures. During the season, 3-4 kg of greens are harvested from 1 m2.

Popular varieties: Likova, Memory, Chelyabinsk.

When to plant onions

Depending on the weather, the timing of planting before winter differs even within the same region. They are planted so that the bulbs have time to take root before the first frost, but do not germinate.

Planting is usually carried out in the second half of October, a month before frost. Optimum air temperature - + 5 ° С, soil - + 3 ° С.

Important! The seeds are buried when the soil is frozen to -3 ° C. Depending on the region, sowing is carried out in November-December.

There is no specific time frame for growing onions for greens in greenhouses.

Best predecessors

In order for the onion to give a rich harvest, the place for planting is properly prepared. Choose a well-ventilated area, but without drafts. You cannot grow onions where water accumulates in spring, otherwise the planting material will rot.

Particular attention is paid to what crops grew on the site. The best precursors for onions are: beets, legumes, cabbage, mustard, melons and watermelons. Do not plant a plant after potatoes, celery, parsley, alfalfa.

Preparation of planting material

Onions are planted with seeds and bulbs before winter.

Seeds are pre-disinfected: they are soaked for 20-30 minutes in a 2% solution of potassium permanganate or for 5-10 minutes in 70% alcohol. Then they are dried to a free-flowing state at room temperature.

For planting, take a hard seed without damage, ranging in size from 2.5 to 4 cm. It is soaked for 20-30 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate, dried at room temperature.

Reference. To obtain uniform seedlings, choose bulbs of the same size.

Soil preparation

The selected area is cleared of the remnants of the autumn harvest in order to avoid fungal diseases and pests.

The soil is dug up to a depth of 20 cm, humus or compost is added (1-2 buckets per 1 m2). Potash and phosphorus fertilizers (15 g of potassium chloride, 25 g of superphosphate, 25 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 m2) are added to depleted soils so that the planting material takes root and overwinters.

To reduce acidity, ash is added (150 g per 1 m2). Then the beds are formed.

How to plant correctly

When planting onions with seeds in the beds, grooves are made with a depth of 2-3 cm, the distance between them is maintained at 25-30 cm. The seeding rate is 1.5 g per 1 m2. The furrows are sprinkled with soil, mulched with a layer of humus of 2-3 cm, so that future plants do not get overcooled.

Sevok is planted using a belt or bridge method:

1. With the tape method, grooves are made on the beds with a depth of 3-5 cm every 20 cm. Bulbs are inserted into them at a distance of 10 cm from each other, sprinkled with earth. Then mulch with a layer of cut grass, fallen leaves.
2. For planting by a bridge, ridges are formed with a height of 10-15 cm, a width of 1 m. The distance between them is 50 cm. The soil is loosened to a depth of 7 cm. Then the bulbs are inserted close to each other to a depth of 3-5 cm. The surface is mulched with layers of grass or fallen leaves.

Care

If there is little snow in winter, then the mulched beds are covered with foil. With the onset of spring, the film is removed so that the planting material does not rot.

In the spring, with the onset of warm weather, snow is cleared from the beds so that they warm up faster.

After the emergence of shoots, the greens are thinned out and the first feeding is carried out. The beds are watered with mullein infusion (1: 5 with water). If the greens grow slowly, then after 2-3 weeks they are fertilized again: potassium salt, saltpeter and superphosphate are added to 10 liters of water, taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 2.

The emerging seedlings are watered abundantly with water for the first 14 days, then once every 8–12 days. As weeds appear, the beds are weeded. After watering, the soil must be loosened: this helps the respiration of the roots, accelerates the growth of the culture.

Disease and pest control

During growth and development, onions are susceptible to various diseases and pest attacks. To prevent this, crop rotation is observed when planting, do not flood the crop, thin out and remove weeds.

Council. To get a high-quality harvest of greenery, plants are not treated with chemicals.

Downy mildew

With peronosporosis, the leaves are covered with a white bloom. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus that is found in the upper layers of the soil. For prevention, onions are planted in a well-ventilated place, the watering regime is observed.

To combat the disease, diseased plants are removed from the beds, watering is reduced and feeding is stopped. Plants are sprayed with a solution of soda ash (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) or copper sulfate (10 g per 0.5 liters of water).

Onion rust

Yellow-brown spots and raised formations appear on the leaves, in which the spores of the fungus mature. The leaves turn yellow and dry out. For prophylaxis, the remnants of last year's plants are carefully removed from the beds and the soil is dug up.

Infected specimens are removed, watering is reduced. Onions are sprayed with the preparation "HOM" (40 g per 10 liters of water). The procedure is repeated a week later.

Onion fly

Fly larvae eat the underground part of the plant - it turns yellow and withers. For prevention, they dig up the soil in the fall, disinfect the seed material before planting.

To combat the pest, the aisles are watered with saline (300 g of salt per 10 liters of water). The procedure is repeated two weeks later.

Lurker

Lays eggs inside onion feathers, hatched larvae eat the flesh from the inside. For prevention, they regularly loosen the soil and remove plant residues.

To get rid of the insect, the plants are sprinkled with a mixture of tobacco dust and ash in a 1: 2 ratio.

Thrips

The larvae of this insect suck the juice from the green feathers. Leaves are deformed, crop growth slows down... For prevention, in the fall, they dig up the soil, regularly loosen it, plant celandine or mustard next to the onion.

To get rid of the insect, spray the onion with a solution of red pepper. To prepare it, add 1 kg of red hot pepper to 10 liters of water, boil and cool. The resulting solution is diluted with pure water (for 10 l of water 125 ml of solution). Spraying is repeated after a week.

Features of growing in a greenhouse

A greenhouse for growing onions for greens is equipped with racks, lighting fixtures, a heating system... The optimum temperature for culture during the day is + 20 ° С, at night - + 13 ... + 14 ° С.

Sandy soil is used for cultivation. Before planting, fertilizers are applied to the soil: one bucket of compost or humus per 1 m2, 1 tsp. sodium chloride, 2 tsp. superphosphate. Onions are planted using belt and bridge methods.

After the emergence of seedlings, fertilizing is carried out (1 tsp. Urea per 10 liters of water). Water the plants as the soil dries, every 2-3 days.

Harvesting and storage

Feathers grow constantly, so there is no specific time frame for harvesting. The greens are cut when they are 30 cm long. Re-harvest when they grow back.

Important! Feathers are cut at least 5 cm from the ground. Fold in bundles, store in a horizontal position.

In the refrigerator, in the vegetable drawer, fresh herbs are stored for up to thirty days. To increase the period up to one year, the product is frozen or dried.

For freezing, the herbs are crushed, laid out in bags or containers and put into the freezer.

Feathers are dried crushed in the oven, dryer or outdoors. Store the finished product in glass jars or paper bags in a dry, dark place.

Conclusion

To get an early harvest of green onions, they are planted before winter. Such a culture is resistant to various diseases and pests.

It is important to choose the right planting time so that the seed material takes root before the first frost, but does not germinate. Further care does not require much effort: the plants are watered, fertilized, weeded and thinned out.