Instructions for choosing a variety and planting Dutch onions for the winter

Podzimnaya planting onions helps to save time and effort during the spring work at the summer cottage. New winter varieties of both Russian and foreign breeders are constantly appearing. It becomes more and more difficult to navigate in this variety. Today we will reveal the secrets of planting Dutch onions for the winter.

Is it possible to plant Dutch onions before winter

Dutch sharp and semi-sharp varieties are excellent for planting before winter throughout Russia... They practically do not shoot, are frost-resistant and can withstand soil temperatures down to -15 ° C.

At lower temperatures, thick snow cover can protect them. However, you should not plant southern sweet onions before winter - they will not tolerate cold weather.

When to plant winter onions

Focus on the climatic norms of the region... Plant the onions when the daytime temperature drops to + 5 ... + 7 ° C and remains at this level for at least a week.

Sevka with podzimny planting for rooting takes three weeks. If, before the onset of frost, the onion does not have time to root, in the spring it will either not rise, or will go to the arrow.

The best predecessors according to the rules of crop rotation

So that the bulbs during growth are not susceptible to diseases, and also received all the necessary trace elements for nutrition, observe the crop rotation.

Excellent predecessors would be green manure and cereals (except oats), cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, salad crops, pumpkin, beans, peas, beets.

Sevka varieties of Dutch selection

More than two dozen winter varieties from Holland are presented on the Russian market... We list those of them that have proved to be excellent for winter planting in various regions of Russia and therefore are most popular with summer residents.

Radar

Early ripe hybrid zoned throughout the territory of the Russian Federation... It perfectly tolerates temperatures down to -15 ° C, with a large amount of snow it can withstand up to -25 ° C, resistant to shooting. The bulb is golden yellow in color, round, high density.

Large - with good care it grows weighing up to 150-300 g. The crop is perfectly stored. Radar has a high resistance to diseases and pests. When planting under winter, the heads grow by the beginning of June.

Shakespeare

It is one of the most reliable peninsular winter varieties.. Shakespeare tolerates temperatures down to -18 ° C even without snow cover.

Early ripe - 75 days pass from the moment of germination to ripening. The color of the scales is brown. The pulp of the onions is white, juicy. The heads are round, weighing about 100 g. The variety is resistant to diseases.

Centurion

The early ripening hybrid has a moderately pungent taste... The shape of the bulbs is slightly elongated, the flesh is white, the husk is golden yellow. The head grows in mass from 100 to 150 g.

Centurion - an improved version of the popular German variety Stuttgarten Riesen. It is valued for its resistance to excess moisture, dry weather, large temperature extremes. This variety is grown in all regions of Russia, from the south to the Far East. At low temperatures, the crop is stored for 8 months.

Hercules

High yielding hybrid Hercules early ripening... The heads weigh 120-160 g and reach maturity 70-80 days after the start of the growing season. The bulbs are oval-oblong, golden yellow in color. The pulp is juicy, white; the taste is spicy. Advantages - undemanding to the soil, frost resistance, excellent keeping quality. Stored up to 9-10 months.

The variety has high immunity to many diseases and viruses. It is recommended for cultivation in the central part of Russia, but due to its unpretentiousness it is planted almost everywhere.

Sturon

A variety of mid-season onions ripens in 110-120 days, resistant to shooting, cold-resistant... Very productive - it has large bulbs up to 180-210 g. They have an elliptical shape, a golden husk. The onion is dense, juicy. Stored up to 9 months. Resistant to diseases, does not form an arrow.

Sturon recommended for growing in temperate and southern latitudes. The variety is popular in many areas. The Central and West Siberian regions are considered favorable in terms of climate and soil.

Troy

Undemanding early maturing hybrid... The harvest is obtained in 75-80 days after the appearance of the feather. Onions with a spicy taste, white flesh. It tolerates frost perfectly, does not shoot. The heads are round, with a dense golden husk. Troy has a high keeping quality. It has good immunity - it is resistant to diseases and pests.

Important! Choose varieties for planting, taking into account the daylight hours. For short summers, opt for early varieties with minimal bulbs ripening.

Training

Before planting winter sevka carefully prepare the soil and seed.

Garden beds

Choose a place for the garden. A well-ventilated area is best suited, where snow melts early in spring and water does not stagnate... Onions love loose, fertile soil with a neutral acid-base balance.

Dig up the soil with humus (5-6 kg per 1 sq. M) or mineral potassium-phosphorus fertilizers (30 g per 1 sq. M) and urea (6-12 g per 1 sq. M). When planting onions, do not add un-rotted manure to the ground.

Form beds 20-40 cm high to avoid excessive moisture.

Planting material

Calibrate the seed. Oats up to 1 cm in diameter are only suitable for growing bulbs... Set a 1 to 2 cm set on the feather and head.

Check each onion for damage, rot, bacterial lesions. The sevok should be dry, without spots on the husk.

Disinfect. Soak for no more than 5 minutes in a warm (+ 45 ° C) solution of copper sulfate (1 tsp per 1 l of water) or potassium permanganate (10 g per 1 l of water). Dry the planting material well for 12-24 hours.

Important! When planting in winter, do not cut off the neck at the set. Plant it dry without germination.

How to properly plant Dutch onions for the winter

To achieve good seed germination in spring and get an excellent harvest of onions, follow these rules.

Prepare the material in advance for covering the beds for the winter. For example, non-woven fabric (lutrasil, spunbond), sawdust or straw, spruce branches. The latter retain large amounts of snow on the ground.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Level and compact the soil in the beds.
2. Mark the rows for planting, leaving a gap of 20-25 cm between them.
3. Make grooves for the bulbs at an optimal distance from each other in the grooves.
4. Plant the seed so that it is 5 cm buried in the soil. Sprinkle the top with dry earth or peat. It is not necessary to water the onions during winter cultivation.
5. At the onset of the first frost, cover the planting with mulch or other prepared material.

Before the onset of frost, do not cover the beds with winter onions. covering material - there is a risk of fading.

Landing schemes

The gardener determines the sevka planting scheme himself, focusing on the geometric dimensions of the beds.

Usually a tape scheme is used.An interval of 20-25 cm is maintained between the rows, 5-10 cm between the onions in rows, depending on the varietal characteristics of the mature onion head, as well as on the size of the set. The wild oat is planted every 5-6 cm, the sowing - every 7-10 cm. The seeding depth for the winter is 5 cm from the bulb neck to the soil surface.

They also practice nesting. 3-4 bulbs are placed in one hole at a distance of 10 cm from each other.

What mistakes to avoid

When growing Dutch onions, consider the following nuances:

1. Planting too early will lead to the emergence of seedlings and the subsequent death of the onion from the winter cold.
2. Do not plant seedlings in a freshly prepared bed. Let the ground settle for 2-3 weeks (less in rainy weather). Planting material in loose soil may go too deep, and seedlings in spring will not appear for a long time.
3. If you plant the seedlings shallowly, the bulbs will die from frost in winter.
4. Don't forget to cover the onion garden for the winter. If there is little snow, this will help to avoid freezing of the seed.
5. In the event of a snowy winter or severe frosts, cover the beds with snow for additional protection.

Further care

In the spring after the snow melts and the onset of warm days without frost, the covering material is removed, the mulch is also removed from the garden. If this is not done, the ground will thaw for a long time, and the growth of onions will slow down.

When shoots appear the soil is loosened. To avoid excessive moisture in the earth and saturate it with oxygen, sprinkle with ash.

Further feeding is carried out solutions of organic (chicken droppings, mullein) or mineral fertilizers, are regularly weeded and loosened.

Features of planting and cultivation depending on the region

All of the above varieties of Dutch selection are suitable for winter cultivation in any climatic regions of Russia.

The difference lies in the timing of sub-winter planting, which is determined by the period of the onset of frost:

1. Ural winters are cold and snowy, therefore, frost-resistant early varieties are used for cultivation. Disembarkation is carried out in late September or early October.
2. In Siberia, winter onions are planted during September... A frost-resistant variety is selected and the beds are carefully covered for the winter.
3. Gardeners of the northwest regions planting of winter onions usually begins in the first decade of October.
4. In the central part of Russia - from September 20 to October 20.
5. In the southern regions favorable period - from late October to late November.

Tips from experienced summer residents

For a rich harvest of Dutch onions, follow the advice of an experienced gardener:

1. If you feel that you are not in time with planting onions, and according to the forecast, frosts will soon come, postpone the landing until the spring. There is a great risk that onions that have not rooted in time will freeze in winter and you will lose the entire crop. You can only plant wild oats, which are poorly stored, unlike seedlings.
2. Plant the sample between the rows of the seed. In the spring it will give good feathers and you will get early spring onions.
3. Sometimes summer residents forget what crops they grew in the beds in previous years. And this is important for organizing a competent crop rotation. Keep a gardener journal. Draw a plan of the site and note by year on which land plots a particular crop was grown. Write down what feeding you did; comment on what diseases or plant pests you encountered.

Conclusion

Almost all varieties of Dutch spicy and peninsular onions are planted before winter. In regions with cold winters, the most frost-resistant are chosen. Take into account such characteristics of the variety as the ripening period and keeping quality.

For podzimny planting, covering materials or mulch are used, and with little snowy winters or severe frosts, they are additionally insulated with snow.