High-yielding medium-late hybrid of Megaton f1 cabbage with good keeping quality
Megaton F1 is one of the best Dutch breeding hybrids. Cabbage has immunity to major crop diseases, low pest infestation and frost resistance down to -8 ° C. High yields, fermentability and excellent taste of heads, both fresh and processed, make the crop especially popular.
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Description of cabbage Megaton F1
Megaton is a medium late hybrid of Dutch breeding from Bejo Zaden. In 1996 it was included in the State Register for the Central Region and recommended for cultivation throughout Russia.
Chemical composition and useful properties
The content of vitamins in 100 g of white cabbage:
- C - 39.3–43.6 mg;
- E - 0.02-0.1 mg;
- K - 0.08 mg;
- PP - 0.2-0.56 mg;
- U - 16-21 mg;
- beta-carotene - 0.02-0.07 mg;
- B1 - 0.03-0.08 mg;
- B2 - 0.03-0.06 mg;
- B4 - 10.7 mg;
- B5 - 0.21 mg;
- B6 - 0.1-0.2 mg;
- B9 - 0.04-0.13 mg.
Macro- and microelements per 100 g:
- potassium - 175-320 mg;
- silicon - 53 mg;
- calcium - 43-57 mg;
- sodium - 4-13 mg;
- magnesium - 16 mg;
- phosphorus - 23–41 mg;
- chlorine - 37 mg;
- sulfur - 77 mg;
- aluminum - 0.57 mg;
- boron - 0.2 mg;
- iodine - 0.003-0.015 mg;
- iron - 0.2-0.6 mg;
- cobalt - 0.003 mg;
- molybdenum - 0.01 mg;
- copper - 0.035-0.08 mg;
- manganese - 0.11-0.36 mg;
- nickel - 0.01-0.015 mg;
- selenium - 0.8 mg;
- fluorine - 0.01 mg;
- chromium - 0.005 mg;
- zinc - 0.23-0.4 mg.
Nutritional and energy value of 100 g of fresh product:
- calorie content - 28 kcal;
- carbohydrates - 4.7 g;
- proteins - 1.8 g;
- fats - 0.2 g;
- organic acids - 0.3 g;
- fiber - 2 g;
- water - 90.4 g;
- ash - 0.7 g
Thanks to dietary fiber, potassium salts and methylmethionine, cabbage is included in a number of therapeutic diets for atherosclerosis, diseases of the stomach and duodenum. It cleans blood vessels, normalizes metabolism and removes excess water from the body. Tartronic acid prevents the formation of fatty deposits.
Useful properties of a vegetable:
- normalizes blood sugar levels, lowers cholesterol;
- strengthens the gums and teeth;
- improves the functioning of the heart and kidneys;
- has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiseptic effects;
- increases the acidity of gastric juice, promotes the healing of stomach and duodenal ulcers;
- improves appetite, accelerates intestinal peristalsis;
- has a beneficial effect on the work of the nervous system.
It is not recommended to use cabbage for gastritis with high acidity, exacerbation of peptic ulcers, intestinal spasms, kidney problems, gallstones and hypertension. It is undesirable to add a vegetable to the diet during lactation.
Application features
Megaton cabbage is suitable for fresh consumption, pickling and pickling due to the following characteristics:
- bright white internal structure;
- juicy, dense heads of cabbage;
- sugar content - up to 5% per 100 g;
- great taste.
Ripening period and yield
Ripens in 135-170 days from the moment of planting. Productivity - 13-15 kg / m² or 670-950 kg / ha. The maximum value (1053 c / ha) was obtained in the Moscow region.
Cold and disease resistance
The hybrid is resistant to gray rot, fusarium wilt, keel and head cracking.
It tolerates autumn frosts down to -8 ° C. Seedlings withstand return frosts down to -5 ° C.
Specifications
Megaton cabbage is a hybrid, not a variety with a powerful and spreading leaf rosette with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 m... The leaves are large, round, grayish-green, with a waxy coating, wavy edges and wrinkled surface.
The head of cabbage is tough, strong and heavy, round-flat and bright white at the cut. The cover leaves are slightly bent. 2-3 erect rosette sheets fit tightly to the head. The pulp is juicy, crispy, with a pleasant mild aroma. Sweet to taste, without bitterness.
The stem length is about 15 cm. The inner stump is short (8–10 cm), does not reach the middle of the fork, regardless of its volume. The average weight of a head of cabbage is 3.2–4.1 kg, the maximum weight is up to 15 kg. Waste after processing - no more than 7%.
Regions and climate
The culture shows high productivity in conditions of long daylight hours, sufficient soil moisture and moderate heat, therefore it is best suited for the middle zone and northern regions of Russia.
Reference. Optimal conditions for growth and formation of heads of cabbage are + 15… + 25 ° C. At temperatures below + 13 ° C and prolonged heat above + 30 ° C, yield decreases.
Recommended growing regions: North, North-West, Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus, Nizhnevolzhsky, Ural, West and East Siberian, Far East.
Some gardeners believe that the hybrid is not recommended for industrial cultivation in the regions of the middle Volga delta due to the arid climate, but in private farms, in irrigated areas of this area, it gives a full harvest.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of Megaton:
- high productivity;
- frost resistance;
- head of cabbage resistance to cracking;
- immunity to major diseases of culture;
- excellent taste without bitterness;
- preservation of presentation during transportation of the crop.
Disadvantages:
- not suitable for long-term storage;
- heads of cabbage require two weeks of ripening;
- during storage there are no visible signs of rotting - the forks deteriorate from the inside.
Differences from other varieties and hybrids:
- low susceptibility to crop pests;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- no problems with the formation of heads of cabbage;
- ubiquity of cultivation.
Features of planting and growing
In areas with a temperate and warm climate, cabbage is sown in open ground, in cold regions, seedlings are prepared.
Seeds for seedlings are sown from the first decade of March to the third decade of April. Soil composition: add 10 tbsp to a bucket of a mixture of garden soil and sand (1: 1). l. wood ash.
Important! The seeds of the Megaton F1 cabbage hybrid are processed by the manufacturer, therefore they are not additionally soaked in a growth stimulator and are not disinfected.
Large drainage holes are pierced in boxes and pots for seedlings. To do without an intermediate pick, use plastic cassettes and cups or large peat tablets.
Seedling preparation
The day before sowing, the soil is poured into planting containers and spilled with a hot solution of light pink potassium permanganate.
In the boxes, grooves are made with a depth of 1 cm with a step of 3 cm. The seeds are spread every 2 cm and sprinkled with earth. 2 seeds are planted in cups, 1 in peat tablets - 1. The soil is moistened with warm water from a spray bottle. The plantings are covered and placed in a warm place. Greenhouse temperature - + 18 ... + 20 ° C.
Shoots will appear in 5 days. The boxes are transferred to a bright, cool place with a temperature of + 8 ... + 10 ° C. Within 3 days, the film is removed for 2 hours in the morning and in the evening, and on the fourth day it is removed completely.
Seedlings are provided with 12-hour daylight hours. Watered with warm water as the topsoil dries. In glasses, pinch a weak sprout, and leave a strong one.
With the appearance of the first true leaf, the temperature is raised to + 15 ... + 18 ° C and top dressing is added: 12 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of superphosphate and 5 g of potassium salt are diluted in 5 liters of water.
In phase 2 of true leaves, seedlings from boxes are dived into separate cups with a diameter of 6-7 cm. A second top dressing is introduced: a mullein solution or 15 g of ammonium nitrate per 5 liters of water.
A week before being transferred to the open ground, the plants are taken outside for 3-4 hours daily. 2 days before transplantation, fertilize (15 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium salt, 40 g of superphosphate per 5 l of water).
Read also:
The best Dutch varieties and hybrids of white cabbage
The best varieties of cabbage for pickling and storing for the winter
Seedless landing
Cabbage is sown in early May on long and high beds, if the constant air temperature is + 10 ... + 15 ° C.
With the bottom of a glass bottle, even holes are pushed to a depth of 3-4 cm with a step of 60 cm. The width between the rows is 70 cm. A glass of water is poured into the hole, 3-4 seeds are laid out and sprinkled with earth. The beds are covered with foil or a plastic bottle without a bottom is placed on each hole.
On hot days, the greenhouse is ventilated. Moisten only from a spray bottle when the top of the soil dries up.
A week after germination, the film is removed. Thin twice: in phase 2 and 3 of true leaves. After the second time, only 1 strong sprout is left in the hole.
Ground requirements
The soil for the hybrid should be neutral or slightly acidic, with a high organic content. Before winter, the site is dug to the depth of a bayonet and fertilized with manure, humus or compost (5 kg / m²). The acidic earth is neutralized with chalk or lime. In the spring, they re-dig up and loosen.
Predecessors
Favorable predecessor crops:
- cucumbers;
- zucchini;
- potatoes;
- siderates;
- legumes.
Acceptable: onions, garlic, corn.
Bad predecessors:
Timing, scheme and landing rules
The seedlings are transferred to open ground at the end of May, at the age of 45 days. Plants should have 6 leaves 10–12 cm long.
Important! To prevent cabbage bushes from wilting, they are transplanted on a cloudy day.
Work order:
- 2 hours before planting, cabbage is watered.
- The holes are made 1.5 times the number of planting pots. Pour 2 tbsp into each. a mixture of humus and wood ash (2: 1). The distance between the holes is 60 cm, between the rows is 70 cm.
- They are transplanted by the transshipment method. The pots (cups) are removed, and the plants are placed in the holes along with an earthen lump.
- The planting pits are watered abundantly and wait for the water to subside. After that, cover with soil to the lower leaves. The root zone is compacted and powdered with wood ash or mulched.
Growing features
To build up green mass, cabbage requires nitrogen, and from the moment the heads of cabbage form - potassium and phosphorus.
The crop is watered frequently and little by little to maintain moderate to constant soil moisture. In waterlogged or dry soil, the plant receives less nutrition and begins to hurt.
Council. The hybrid tolerates cold better than heat and drought, therefore, in warm and dry areas, low areas are chosen for beds and the plants are watered not in the morning, but in the evening.
Megaton has large and heavy heads of cabbage, therefore, during ripening, they are propped up with a brick or stone so that the plants do not fall to one side.
Top dressing
Cabbage is fertilized 2 times per season:
- 2 weeks after planting in open ground - 1 liter of liquid mullein per 10 liters of water, consumption - 0.5 liters for each bush;
- in the head formation phase - 8 g of potassium sulfate, 5 g of superphosphate and 4 g of urea per 10 liters of water, the consumption is the same.
Fertilizers are applied only to wet soil so as not to cause a chemical burn in plants.
Watering mode
Water the cabbage in the morning or evening with warm water heated in the sun. The first 2 weeks after planting the seedlings - 1 time in 3 days at 8 l / m². Further - every 5 days. Weather conditions are different everywhere, therefore they are guided by constant light soil moisture.
On flat areas, it is more convenient to pour water into the grooves of row spacing with a depth of 10–12 cm. Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for relief areas. The best way is drip irrigation.
Loosening and hilling
The beds are loosened a day after each watering or rain.
On the 20–25 day after planting, the cabbage is huddled for the first time (they scoop up the earth to the stem, to the lower leaves) and again after 20 days. This stimulates the growth of the roots, as a result the plants are better nourished, the forks become larger.
Measures to increase the yield
In order for the heads of cabbages to gain maximum weight, in the spring, "Mag-Bor" is introduced into the soil (per 1 m² 1 tbsp. L.). During dressing, the preparations "Gumat + 7" or "Kalimag" are added to the mineral mixtures.
In the intervals between dressings, cabbage is sprayed 2-3 times with a complex of trace elements (for example, "Cytovite").
Read also:
Disease and pest control
With vascular bacteriosis cabbage leaves turn yellow at the edges. For the treatment of plantings 2 times with an interval of 10 days they are treated with "Planriz" (10 ml per 1 bucket of water).
To combat aphids plants are sprayed with infusion of wormwood, nettle or chamomile. In case of serious injuries, they are treated with Intavir. Watering at the root is replaced by sprinkling.
From cruciferous flea the cabbage is powdered with ash, sprinkled with garlic-soap solution (100 g of soap and 300 g of infusion per bucket of water) or Aktellik.
Against cabbage whites help "Fitoverm" or "Intavir". 2 treatments are carried out with an interval of 10 days.
Possible growing difficulties
A common mistake of novice gardeners is watering plants with ice water. It reduces the ability of the roots to absorb moisture, which means that the leaves do not receive it. It turns out that watering is timely, but the plants are weak and develop poorly.
If the plantings are thickened, the cabbage will grow, it will slowly form heads of cabbage, and they will turn out to be much smaller. The situation will be improved by thinning and additional fertilizing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
Harvesting and storage
The crop is harvested at a temperature of -2 ° C. First, the rosette leaves are cut off. Heads of cabbage are dug up together with the root and left for a day in the fresh air. Then the stems are cut, the excess cover leaves are removed and the vegetables are transferred to the basement. They are laid out in boxes or on a wooden flooring and allowed to lie down. After 2 weeks, the hybrid is ready for processing.
If required, the crop is stored. They are kept at a temperature of -1 ... + 5 ° C and an air humidity of 90–98% for about 3-4 months.
Advice and feedback from experienced gardeners
Vegetable growers admit that Megaton lives up to its name, note the high germination of seeds and the excellent taste of vegetables.
Alexandra Petrovna, Arzamas: “I have been growing this hybrid for several years, and it has never been sick. The main thing is to harvest on time. If you are late with the seedlings, sow at the end of April immediately into the open ground, under the film. "
Konstantin, Zaraysk: "I read the reviews and description, looked at photos of different varieties - I chose Megaton cabbage. Planted her last year. The package contained 5 seeds, all sprouted. Heads of cabbage - 11 kg each. Enough for salting for the whole season. The taste is really amazing. "
Conclusion
Megaton F1 is a high-yielding hybrid with dense and tasty heads of cabbage. The culture is insensitive to weather changes and temperature changes. This cabbage is grown throughout Russia, but the largest yields are obtained in regions with a temperate climate. Vegetable growers distinguish the hybrid as one of the best for pickling and pickling.