A universal mid-season cabbage variety Nadezhda
Cabbage variety Nadezhda appeared at the end of the 20th century. It quickly gained popularity among gardeners and still retains it due to a number of advantages, including high yield, resistance to cracking, drought and frost. Let's talk about the pros and cons of the variety, the peculiarities of its cultivation and the requirements that it makes for planting and care.
The content of the article
Description of the cabbage variety Nadezhda
The variety was bred by domestic breeders. Heads of cabbage are dense, rounded or flat-rounded, the main purpose is pickling, salting, pickling.
Origin and development
Cabbage Nadezhda was bred in 1969 by specialists from the West Siberian Vegetable and Potato Breeding Experimental Station as a result of crossing the varieties Slava Enkgoisena and Plotnokochannaya.
The variety was included in the State Register of Russia in 1975. Originator - scientist NIIOH N. M. Nasrullaev.
Chemical composition and useful properties
100 g of vegetable contains:
- sugar - 4.4-6.7%;
- vitamin C - 24–39 mg;
- B5 - 0.2 mg;
- E - 0.1 mg;
- B6 - 0.1 mg;
- B2 - 0.04 mg;
- B1 - 0.03 mg;
- phosphorus - 31 mg;
- calcium - 48 mg;
- chlorine - 37 mg.
The chemical composition varies depending on the growing region: in the southern regions, cabbage contains less sugars and more vitamin C.
The vegetable helps to normalize metabolic processes, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, is useful for atherosclerosis, gout, heart and kidney pathologies.
Application features
Cabbage Nadezhda is suitable for pickling, pickling and pickling. It is consumed fresh, stewed, added to salads and first courses.
Ripening period and yield
This is a mid-season cabbage variety - the crop is ready for harvesting 120–125 days after germination or 95 days after planting the seedlings in their permanent place.
Marketable yield - 696-1128 c / ha, maximum - 1450 c / ha.
Disease, pest and cold resistance
The variety is resistant to black leg and gray rot, but is prone to attack by keel, bacteriosis, caterpillars, midges and aphids.
Cabbage Nadezhda tolerates frosts down to -5 ° C. The optimum temperature index for its growth is + 15… + 20 ° C. Hot (above + 25 ° C) weather contributes to the accumulation of nitrates in heads of cabbage.
Specifications
The plant is 40-60 cm high with a semi-spreading leaf rosette. Heads of cabbage are dense, round or round-flat, reach 60–80 cm in diameter and weigh 2.4–3.4 kg.
The cover leaves are medium in size, rounded, wrinkled, slightly wavy at the edges, light green and covered with a thin layer of waxy coating. In section, the forks are white, the outer stump is of medium length, the inner one is short.
The heads of cabbage are juicy and tender, characterized by a balanced taste, which combines sweetness, sourness and slight bitterness.
For which regions is it suitable
Due to its frost resistance and the ability to adapt to unstable climatic conditions, the variety is successfully cultivated in Siberia, the Urals, the Far East, in central Russia and other regions.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of the variety:
- stable and high yield;
- universal use of heads of cabbage;
- lack of tendency to cracking and color;
- good keeping quality and transportability;
- drought and frost resistance;
- high commercial qualities;
- immunity to black leg and gray rot.
The disadvantages of Nadezhda include a tendency to defeat keel and bacteriosis.
Differences from other varieties and hybrids
Comparison of Nadezhda with other mid-season cabbage varieties is presented in the table:
| Variety | Head shape | Head of cabbage weight, kg | Average yield, c / ha |
| Hope | Rounded or rounded flat | 2,4–3,4 | 696–1128 |
| Grandma's pickle | Rounded | 1,5–2,9 | 416–651 |
| Belarusian 455 | 1,3–4,1 | 474–785 | |
| Brer Rabbit | 1,9–3,7 | 296–595 |
Features of planting and growing
Nadezhda cabbage is grown in a seedling or non-seedling way. The main thing is to observe the timing of sowing seeds, choose the right place on the site and take into account the climate of the region.
Preparation for planting seeds and seedlings
Seeds for seedlings are sown in early April. In the prepared containers, soil is poured, consisting of equal parts of garden soil, sand and peat, which is spilled with a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection. The planting material is pre-calibrated, soaked for half an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate, then dipped in hot (+ 50 ° C) and for 2-3 minutes in cold water for half an hour.
Prepared seeds are buried in moist soil by 1–1.5 cm, watered, covered containers with crops with polyethylene and removed to a warm (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C) place. After the emergence of seedlings, the temperature in the room with seedlings is maintained at + 12 ... + 15 ° C during the day and + 8 ... + 10 ° C at night.
Reference. Daylight hours for plants should last 12-15 hours. If necessary, fluorescent lamps or special phytolamps are used for supplementary lighting.
Seedlings are watered sparingly, making sure that the soil does not dry out and is not overly moist. When there are 1-2 true leaves on the seedlings, a pick is carried out, planting the plants in individual containers and getting rid of weak specimens.
After picking, the seedlings are fed with complex mineral fertilizers, and 10 days before transplanting into open ground, they begin to harden: they are taken out into fresh air and gradually increase the time spent there from 15 minutes to a day.
During quenching, foliar dressing is carried out: the leaves are sprayed with a solution of potassium sulfate and urea at the rate of 250 ml per 1 bush.
How to make a seedless plant
In the southern regions, sowing seeds directly into open ground is permissible.
In this case, seeds are planted in late April - early May. The beds are formed at a distance of 75–80 cm from each other, 50–70 cm are kept between the holes. 2-3 seeds are placed in each planting recess and covered with foil or glass. When the shoots reach a height of 10-15 cm, remove weak shoots, leaving only large and strong ones.
The growing season for seedless cultivation is reduced by 15-18 days.
Soil requirements and predecessors
Cabbage is planted in a well-lit place, protected from gusty winds and drafts. Due to the lack of light, the harvest takes longer to ripen, the heads of cabbage accumulate more nitrates, lose their density and are stored less.
Nadezhda prefers light, loose and fertile soil with sufficient nitrogen, calcium and potassium and neutral to moderate acidity (pH 6.4–7.5). The best option is loamy and loamy soil.
Reference. Sour soil is preliminarily limed or dolomite flour is added to it.
Best predecessors - melons and nightshade crops.
Timing, scheme and landing rules
Seedlings are transplanted into open ground at the age of 30–45 days. By this time, the plants will have reached a height of 20 cm and will form 5-6 leaves each.
In central Russia, a transplant is carried out in mid-May, focusing on weather conditions and soil temperature (it should be warmed up to + 4 ... + 12 ° C).
Landing rules:
- On a plot prepared and fertilized in autumn, beds are formed at a distance of 70–80 cm from each other.
- Every 50-60 cm, holes are made in them 25 cm deep.
- A mixture of humus, wood ash and potassium-containing fertilizers is added to each handful, 2 liters of water are poured.
- Seedlings are removed from the containers and placed in the center of the prepared holes.
- Sprinkle the plants with earth so that they are buried to the first leaves, and compact the soil.
After transplanting, the plants are watered abundantly.
The nuances of care
To get a high-quality and bountiful harvest, cabbage provides optimal conditions for growth and complies with the agrotechnical requirements of the crop: they water the plantings and fertilize in a timely manner, weed and loosen the soil, spud the cabbage and protect it from diseases and pests.
Watering mode
Watering frequency depends on air temperature and rainfall. On average, within 2 weeks after transplanting seedlings, watering is carried out every 3 days, spending 8-10 liters of standing water per 1 m² at street temperature. Then the cabbage is watered once a week at the rate of 15 liters of water per 1 m².
Important! Excessive watering and waterlogging of the soil provoke the development of bacteriosis.
Despite the resistance to head cracking, irrigation is stopped 2 weeks before harvesting.
Loosening and hilling
After each watering or rain, the soil is loosened to improve the access of oxygen and moisture to the roots. At the same time they get rid of weeds.
Cabbage is spud three times per season: 2 weeks after transplanting seedlings, then twice more with an interval of 15-20 days.
Top dressing
Fertilizers are applied according to the scheme:
- 14 days after transplanting seedlings - nitrogen-containing fertilizing;
- at the beginning of the formation of heads of cabbage - fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;
- after 2 weeks - superphosphate.
From organic fertilizers use diluted in water infusion of mullein or chicken droppings, dry wood ash. Mineral fertilizers are dissolved in water and applied at the root.
Measures to increase the yield
The quality and quantity of the harvest directly depends on the observance of the rules for caring for cabbage. It is important to irrigate regularly, not allowing the soil to dry out or waterlogging, timely apply fertilizers that promote the growth and development of crops, and not neglect the preventive treatment of plantings from diseases and pests.
Read also:
Ornamental cabbage: culture features
Sowing and cultivation features of Japanese cabbage
How to prepare Korean cauliflower for the winter: a classic recipe and its variations
Disease and pest control
Diseases and pests dangerous for Nadezhda:
| Disease / pest | Signs | Treatment |
| Keela | The leaves lose their turgor, turn yellow and wither, the forks fall to one side. | The disease does not respond to treatment. The infected plants are dug up and burned, the soil is watered with copper sulfate. |
| Bacteriosis | The seedling develops slowly, the roots are bent, the seedlings' cotyledons brighten, the veins on the leaves turn black, as a result the plants die. If the disease develops during the ovary of heads of cabbage, they are formed small and friable. | The specimens affected by bacteriosis are uprooted and burned, healthy plants are sprayed with the "Planriz" preparation. |
| Caterpillars | A sticky coating, holes or yellow spots appear on the leaves. | Plantings are sprayed with ash and soap solution, garlic broth or infusion based on wormwood, onion peel or ammonia. The soil is sprinkled with dolomite flour or wood ash. If folk remedies do not work, use insecticides (Aktaru, Aktofit, Karate, Zeon, Calypso). |
| Aphid | ||
| Midges |
Growing difficulties
Problems that vegetable growers face when growing Nadezhda:
- Heads of cabbage are small and loose. Cabbage probably grows in partial shade and lacks sunlight.
- Yellowing of leaves, loss of turgor by them. The main symptoms of keela, which, in the absence of other causes, develops as a result of planting a crop in soil with high acidity.
Harvesting and storage
The crop is harvested in August - September. More precise terms are determined by the state of the heads: they will become dense, voids will not be felt, and the lower leaves will drop.
The cabbage is dug up from the roots, the heads are cut off, leaving 3-4 cover leaves and a stump of 3-4 cm long on them. The crop is examined and set aside for early use, or specimens that have mechanical damage or signs of disease are thrown away.
Heads of cabbage suitable for storage are taken to the cellar or basement, where, under proper conditions (air temperature -1 ... + 1 ° C, humidity level - 90–98%), they are stored for 5-6 months.
Advice and feedback from experienced gardeners
Experienced vegetable growers recommend:
- plant cabbage in the same place no more often than once every 3-4 years;
- to repel pests, plant thyme, coriander, sage, celery or anise nearby with cabbage beds.
Gardeners speak positively about the Nadezhda variety.
Maria, Bryansk region: “I have been growing this variety for over 10 years. I like that it does not require any specific and laborious care. If you choose a well-lit place for your cabbage and carefully monitor the frequency of watering, a bountiful harvest will be ensured. The heads of cabbage are dense, well kept, very tasty. "
Maxim, Vladivostok: “I am a farmer with great experience, I have been growing various crops, including cabbage, for a long time, and not only for myself, but also for sale. Hope is liked by the fact that it consistently yields a rich and high-quality harvest, rarely gets sick and is ideal not only for fresh consumption, but also for processing. "
Read also:
The best Dutch varieties and hybrids of white cabbage
The best varieties of cabbage for pickling and storing for the winter
Conclusion
Among the advantages of the Nadezhda variety, there are amicable ripening of heads, a consistently high yield, the possibility of universal use of cabbage, resistance to cracking, flowering, drought and frost, good marketability and a long shelf life. Of the minuses, Nadezhda mentions a tendency to defeat bacteriosis and keel.