Growing rules and selection of early cabbage varieties

Like many other vegetable crops, cabbage varieties are divided into three groups: early, mid - and late ripening. In many farms, early varieties are grown to obtain the first fresh greens. The crop is harvested at the beginning of summer. Juicy crispy cabbage is used in vegetable salads, replenishing the lack of vitamins and fresh fiber.

In the article you will find a description and photos of early varieties, as well as recommendations for growing them.

Description of early cabbage

Early ripe cabbage has a short ripening period - her growing season lasts 75-110 days... The first harvest takes place in mid-June. The short ripening period allows farmers to grow the vegetable twice a season.

Features of early varieties:

• low weight of heads of cabbage,
• relatively loose structure,
• dense core
• crispy, juicy, tender leaves.

Fresh vegetables are used in the preparation of vitamin salads, soups and cabbage soup are made from it. Cultivation of cabbage is not difficult, but with untimely harvesting and excessive watering, the heads of cabbage crack. Early varieties can withstand temperatures down to 0 ... -2 ° C.

Early cabbage is less resistant to diseases, has a short duration shelf life, not used for sourdough, pickles.

In central Russia, seeds for seedlings are sown at the end of February, in Siberia, in the Urals - at the end of April.

Attention! Early varieties of cabbage are suitable for outdoor cultivation in the southern and central regions of the country. In the northern regions, the culture grows in greenhouse conditions.

The best early varieties of white cabbage

Early maturing cabbage varieties a little, but they are all widely used to obtain the first vitamin greens.

Early varieties

Here are the names of early varieties and hybrids of white cabbage:

1. June - in demand in regions with a temperate climate. The head of cabbage is not loose, weighing 2-3 kg.
2. Dumas F1 is a high-yielding hybrid that is not prone to cracking.
3. Rinda F1 is a hybrid with spreading, large leaves. It is grown in the southern regions. At + 7 ° C plugs are kept up to 110-120 days.
4. Taurus F1 is the most productive variety. The heads are large, 4-6 kg. The hybrid has a high immunity to crop diseases.
5. Tobia F1 - has high yields, forks reach a weight of 3-3.5 kg.
6. Arctic F1 - resistant to short-term frosts.
7. Surprise F1 - average forks weight 1.3-1.5 kg.
8. Zantorino F1 - has dense heads of cabbage weighing 1.6-2 kg.
9. Ditmar early - weight of forks 1.5-2.1 kg.
10. Nozomi is a high-yielding variety, the average weight of cabbages is 1.8-2 kg.
11. Zolotovorotskaya - has a compact outlet weighing 1.8-2.2 kg.

Description of cabbage Golden hectare

Among the early varieties, the Golden Hectare cabbage is especially popular.... The variety is used by summer residents and industrial farmers. The culture was bred by employees of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry named after V.I. N.I. Vavilov in 1938. Recommended for growing in the Far East, Ural, East Siberian, North-West, Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Lower and Middle Volga regions of the country.

The growing season of the Golden Hectare is 95-100 days. The weight of heads of cabbage varies from 1.7 to 3.2 kg, individual forks reach 4 kg. The socket is compact, half-raised. The leaves are medium-sized, gray-green in color, have a waxy coating. Their edges are even, sometimes slightly wavy. The leaf petioles are short. Medium-density forks, rounded. The stump is short and thick.Taproot with branches, reaches 38-40 cm in length.

The golden hectare is characterized by consistently high yields. With proper cultivation techniques, 55-80 t / ha are harvested, which is significantly higher than that of other early varieties.

Cabbage retains its presentation during long transportation. It tolerates a short drop in temperature to minus marks and dry periods. Heads of cabbage are not prone to cracking with an excess of moisture. The variety is resistant to diseases, but poorly resists keel. The shelf life does not exceed 1 month.

A golden hectare contains a large amount of vitamin C. It is used for preparing vegetable salads.

Attention! The variety grows well on fertile soils, black soil.

Ultra early varieties

Ultra-early cabbage varieties are characterized by a short ripening period. From the day the seedlings are planted in the ground, 40-60 days pass. The growth and development of these varieties takes place during the period of active movement of the sap in the plants, therefore the forks are prone to cracking.

Ultra-early cabbage is well resistant to short-term frosts, shooting, damage by insect pests. It contains a lot of nutrients, vitamins, amino acids.

Reference! Ultra-early cabbage hybrids are not suitable for long-term storage.

Well-known ultra-early varieties include:

1. Akira F1 - forks weight 1.2-2.3 kg.
2. Jetodor F1 - weight 1.2-1.5 kg. The hybrid is resistant to fusarium.
3. Dumas - heads of cabbage of medium density, weighing 1.2-1.4 kg. Develop well even in dense plantings.
4. Cossack F1 - forks weighing 1.4-1.5 kg, do not crack.
5. Kevin F1 - average weight 0.7-1 kg.
6. Legate F1 - average weight 0.8-1.1 kg.
7. Mirror F1 - weight 1.3-1.5 kg, does not crack.
8. Pandion F1 - weight 0.9-1.6 kg, resistant to vascular bacteriosis.
9. Parel F1 - head mass 1.5-1.6 kg.
10. Pasadena F1 - weight 0.5-2.4 kg.
11. Reima F1 - weight 1.1-2.3 kg, resistant to downy mildew.
12. Sunta F1 - weight of heads of cabbage 1.1-2.1 kg.
13. Tiara F1 - weight 1.3-2.2 kg.
14. Transfer F1 is resistant to vascular bacteriosis, heads of cabbage weigh 0.8-1.5 kg.
15. Champ F1 - weight 1.3-2 kg, good resistance to fusarium.
16. Express F1 is a high-yielding variety with good flavor characteristics. Heads weight 1-2 kg. The shelf life is 100-120 days.
17. Etma F1 - heads of cabbage weight 1.4-1.5 kg.

Treatment of early cabbage seeds before sowing

First, the seeds are calibrated: large specimens are selected - 1.3-1.7 mm in diameter. The selected seeds are checked for quality: they are immersed in a solution of sodium chloride (40 g / l of water) for 30 minutes. During this time, high-quality seeds will sink to the bottom, empty ones will float up, they are discarded. Then the salty solution is drained, the seeds are washed with running water, dried on a paper towel.

Selected seeds are also tested for germination. To do this, 30-40 seeds are placed in a damp cloth for 3 days, kept in a warm place at a temperature of 22-25 ° C, making sure that they do not dry out. If after 3 days at least 90% of the seeds germinated, they are used for sowing.

To prevent fungal diseases, the seeds are heated. They are placed in a bag of gauze, placed in water with a temperature of + 47 ... + 50 ° C for 20-25 minutes, then immersed in cold water for 3 minutes, dried on a paper towel.

The resistance of the culture to temperature changes is increased by hardening the seeds. At night they are placed in a refrigerator on a shelf with a temperature of + 2 ... + 3 ° C, during the day they are kept at room temperature. The hardening procedure is carried out for 5-6 days, during which weak seeds die.

For the prevention of diseases, cabbage seeds are disinfected in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 40-60 minutes, treated for 2 minutes with a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide. For disinfection, drugs "Baktofit", "Planriz", "Fitosporin-M", "Maxim" are also used.

To accelerate germination, before planting, the seeds are soaked for a day in Epin growth stimulants (4 drops / 1 l of water), sodium humate, potassium humate.

Reference. The seeds purchased in garden centers are colored in different colors.This indicates that they have undergone pre-sowing preparation (heating, pickling, degreasing) and are ready for planting.

Early varieties of cabbage are sown in early March. Seedlings are grown on a windowsill or in wooden containers in greenhouses. For cultivation, a mixture is prepared, consisting of equal parts of sod land, peat, sand. Add 20 g of nitrophoska to a bucket of such a mixture, 1 tbsp. wood ash.

The soil is pre-moistened, grooves are made 1.5 cm deep. The seeds are laid out at a distance of 2 cm. A distance of 4-6 cm is left between the grooves, covered with soil, moistened with warm water, covered with a transparent film. The seeds are germinated at a temperature of + 18 ... + 23 ° C. Greenhouses are regularly ventilated.

Seedlings appear in 3-5 days. After 2 real leaves grow on them, a pick is carried out into small pots. After the formation of 3 pairs of real leaves, the seedlings are transferred to a permanent place in open ground.

Planting of early varieties of cabbage in open ground is carried out in late April - early May. Quenching is carried out before planting on the site. To do this, 14 days before the expected date of disembarkation, boxes with seedlings are taken out to the balcony for 2 hours, increasing the time every day. After planting in open ground, the seedlings are first protected from direct sunlight by covering with agrofibre. When grown in greenhouses, provide access to cool air.

Reviews of gardeners

Here are some reviews about growing the best early cabbage varieties.

Vladimir, Tambov: “Last season I grew an early variety, Zolotoy hectare, on the site. I planted the seeds in February in peat pots on the window. In the spring I transplanted to the site. The heads of cabbage were 2-2.5 kg in weight. I liked the taste very much.

Natalia, Saratov: “We like to grow June cabbage. We cut the crop at the end of June. Heads of cabbage are obtained from 1 to 2 kg, not too dense, but not loose. The forks crack when the temperature drops, so at first we had to cover the beds at night. "

Olga, Moscow region: “I like to grow early cabbage varieties for vitamin greens in early June. Forks in early varieties are small in size, therefore occupy a small area of ​​the site. For intensive growth of heads of cabbage I use abundant, but not frequent watering and mineral fertilizing. "

Conclusion

Early varieties of cabbage are popular with farmers and gardeners due to their minimal ripening times. The first crop is harvested in early summer, so many gardeners practice replanting early cabbage. This allows you to harvest fresh herbs 2 times per season and prepare healthy vitamin salads throughout the summer.