How to grow a tomato "Volgograd early ripening 323" and how it will delight a vegetable grower
What could be better than a time-tested tomato variety? Tomato Volgograd early ripening 323 belongs to the crops that vegetable growers have long known and appreciated. And there is something to appreciate: this variety has a whole list of useful qualities, the most important of which is early maturity and the possibility of growing in open ground in Russia.
The content of the article
Description of the variety
Variety Volgograd early ripening 323 (state register)bred by crossing Bush Bifstrek and Local in 1973. Breeders recommend the variety for cultivation in the open field of the Nizhnevolzhsky and Central Chernozem regions. In the Urals and Siberia, Volgograd early ripening 323 is recommended to be grown in greenhouse conditions.
Distinctive features
Volgograd early ripening 323 has the following properties:
- early ripening variety (90-100 days);
- plant determinant type - not requiring pinching of the top to stop growth;
- powerful root system;
- low lush bushes (from 25 to 45 cm);
- leaves are light green, wrinkled, with slight pubescence;
- the first ovary is formed above 6-7 leaves, then - with an interval of 1 sheet;
- inflorescences are simple, intermediate type, bearing up to 6 flowers.
In the State Register of Varietal Achievements, there is a variety with a similar name - Volgogradsky 5/95. This culture was bred in 1953 and has slightly different characteristics.
Main characteristics:
- mid-season (ripens in 120-130 days);
- suitable for outdoor cultivation;
- has higher bushes of the standard type (70-100 cm);
- gives large fruits (weight reaches 150 g);
- has an intense red fruit color;
- has a high yield - up to 10 kg / m2.
Fruit characteristics, yield
Fruits are round, slightly flattened at the ends, red with an orange tint. The skin of the tomato is thin, firm and shiny. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, sweet.
The average diameter of tomatoes is 7 cm, the mass reaches 100 g. Productivity is 4-7 kg / m2.
How to grow seedlings
For Volgograd early ripening 323, the seedling method of cultivation is preferable, although direct sowing into the ground is also allowed in the southern regions after the May holidays. Depending on the climatic conditions, the summer resident decides for himself where he will grow tomatoes - in open or protected ground.
Seed preparation
The seeds of the variety are distinguished by almost 100% germination and do not require special pre-sowing preparation. The germination process can be accelerated by soaking in a gauze cloth moistened with a weak solution of potassium permanganate for a day.
Capacity and soil
For sowing, any low and wide containers that are at hand are suitable.
Tomatoes are demanding on fertility and water-air exchange in the soil. Sowing substrate is bought ready-made or prepared independently:
- peat - 1 bucket;
- humus - 2 buckets;
- sand - 0.5 buckets.
Add 1 tsp to this mixture. superphosphate, 1 tsp. potassium sulfate and a third of a bucket of wood ash. Such soil is weakly acidic in composition, rich in mineral compounds and organic matter, and has good air permeability.
Attention! Before sowing seeds, the soil needs preventive treatment. The best way of processing is watering with a strong solution of potassium permanganate or with Fitosporin-M or Trichodermin biological products.
Sowing
The prepared seeds are sown in containers filled with moist soil to a depth of 1.5 cm, the distance between plants is 2-4 cm, and between rows - 2 cm. The crops are covered with the same fertile soil and moistened again. The boxes are covered with foil to create a greenhouse effect.
Optimal conditions for seed germination:
- temperature 22-25 ° C;
- humidity 75%.
The timing of sowing seeds depends on the place of further growing tomatoes:
- for heated greenhouses - February;
- for film greenhouses and hotbeds - the third decade of March;
- in the open field - 1-2 weeks of April.
Growing and care
As soon as shoots appear (after 4-5 days), young seedlings are freed from the film and placed in a well-lit place. Watering should be regular. For seedlings that have not dropped the cotyledon leaves, they are plucked off by hand.
Temperature for the normal development of seedlings:
- daytime - 15-20 ° C;
- nighttime - 8-12 ° C.
Like adult tomatoes, seedlings are fed. Top dressing with complex mineral fertilizers once every 2 weeks ("Kemira Lux", "Solution A") has proven itself well.
2 weeks before planting, the seedlings are hardened. If tomatoes are grown in apartment conditions, then they arrange through airing of the room. If possible, the plants are taken out onto the balcony. When the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm, they are planted in open ground.
Important! If the seedlings are elongated, they can be saved by diving into tall glasses with a deepening of the root collar.
How to grow tomatoes
Seedlings are planted in a permanent place at the age of 60 days. For the health of tomatoes, seedlings are not planted the next year after any nightshade. The best predecessors in the garden are cabbage and onions of various types.
Landing
Volgograd early ripening tomatoes 323 are planted on a prepared garden bed.
Step-by-step landing technology:
- The holes are prepared deep and wide.
- Plants 20 cm in height are planted one at a time in a hole, at the bottom of which a handful of superphosphate is poured.
- Planting pattern: distance between plants - 40 cm, between rows - 50 cm.
- The soil is poured to the first leaves on the trunk.
- A small moat is created around each plant for high-quality irrigation.
- Water abundantly.
reference! The use of the immunomodulator and growth stimulator "Zircon" will accelerate the survival rate and adaptation of seedlings to a new place.
Care
Tomato care measures:
- Watering 1 time in 10-15 days with settled water at room temperature. Excessive soil moisture can lead to fungal diseases and root rot. It is important to shed the plants abundantly, and then wait a while until the soil dries.
- Weeding regularly as weeds grow.
- Loosening is combined with watering.
- Stealing Volgograd early ripening 323 is not required. To increase the mass of fruits, you can remove each stepchild up to 1 brush.
- Bush shaping. In determinant tomatoes, the bushes are formed into 2-3 stems, removing unnecessary stepsons. The lower large leaves are also removed. Removal of stepchildren is carried out in cloudy weather.
- Garter plants are not required.
- To obtain a high-quality harvest, regular feeding - 1 time in 10 days. It is recommended to alternate organic and mineral fertilizers.
Features of cultivation and possible difficulties
Volgograd early ripening 323 is an unpretentious culture. The only difficulties that can arise when growing it are waterlogging of the soil and lack of nutrition. These factors are easily eliminated by correcting agronomic techniques.
Diseases and pests
The variety has a fixed resistance to late blight, anthracnose, cladosporium, spotting and rot.
If the weather is damp in summer, greenhouses are regularly ventilated to prevent fungal diseases, and the plantings are treated with copper preparations (copper sulfate, "HOM").
The nuances of growing in an open field and a greenhouse
When grown outdoors, plants in the heat require shading: you can cover with an opaque film or install sun protection.
In the greenhouse, ventilation and disinfection of the soil are required.
Harvesting and application of the crop
Tomatoes are picked as they ripen. You don't have to wait for the tomatoes to be completely stained, but rather shoot them brown (but not green!). Until fully ripe, brown tomatoes will ripen in a week in a bright place.
The crop is used fresh, for processing and for sale. The fruits are suitable for transportation and short storage.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Volgograd early ripening 323 has a lot of useful qualities:
- early maturity;
- yield;
- does not require pinning;
- adapted to temperature extremes;
- resistant to major diseases of the nightshade.
There were no significant shortcomings in the variety. The plant reacts to extreme heat by reducing the ovaries. This property is due to the physiology of the plant, since when exposed to high temperatures, the pollen becomes sterile.
Farmers reviews
Several gardeners reviews about this reliable and popular variety.
Elena, Samara region: “Of all the tomatoes that I planted, only this one turned out. Of the minuses - the usual taste for the sophisticated, the type of tomatoes is not interesting, however, the same as in the photo on the package. "
Nikita Vladimirovich, Zelenograd: “I have been growing it for 3 years already. I visit the country house once a week. This variety was a godsend for me! It grows without any problems. You can water once a week. "
Marina, Kherson: “The endurance of plants is amazing. I grow in the open field. Once I rushed to planting seedlings, and she fell under the frost. I thought they would die. But the plants moved away and gave a good harvest. "
Conclusion
Growing a tomato Volgograd early ripening 323 is possible even for a beginner. This variety of the old selection is popular with gardeners - it is a kind of "magic wand" in unfavorable years in terms of weather conditions. The variety is versatile in use - suitable for summer salads and main courses.