Characteristics of barley varieties: Worthy, Duncan, Harlem and others

Barley is one of the most cultivated grain crops, ranking fourth in terms of acreage. The popularity of this plant is due to its valuable properties and short growing season, which allows for high grain yields in regions with a cold climate. Barley is not picky about weather conditions and soil composition.

Nutritional value, chemical composition and calorie content of barley

100 g of food grains contains about 290 kcal. Proteins account for 10.3 g, fats - 2.4 g, carbohydrates - 56.4 g.

This portion of barley also contains:

• water - 2.4 g;
• ash - 14 g;
• fiber - 14.6 g

The high calorie content of the product is due to the large amount of carbohydrates in it.

Reference. The inclusion of barley in the diet does not contribute to weight gain, but with a balanced diet, on the contrary, it helps to lose weight.

100 g of barley contains numerous macro- and microelements, vitamins and other components valuable to the body.Among them:

• potassium - 452.5 mg;
• phosphorus - 354 mg;
• magnesium - 150 mg;
• calcium - 93 mg;
• sodium - 32 mg;
• sulfur - 89 mg;
• chlorine - 125 mg;
• boron - 290 mg;
• iron - 7.4 mg;
• selenium - 22 mcg;
• zinc - 2.7 mg.

Vitamins composition:

• vitamin B1 - 0.33 mg;
• vitamin B2 - 0.13 mg;
• vitamin B6 - 0.47 mg;
• pantothenic acid (B5) - 0.7 mg;
• folic acid (B9) - 41 μg;
• nicotinic acid (B3 or PP) - 6.5 mg;
• tocopherol (E) - 1.7 mg.

In 100 g of the product, the proportion of unsaturated fats is 2%, monounsaturated - 1%, polyunsaturated - 5%, including omega-3 and omega-6. Grain is rich in essential and non-essential amino acids.

What types of barley exist and how they differ

The grain crop can be divided into several groups.

By sight

Different varieties of this cereal are cultivated:

• annuals;
• biennial;
• perennial.

Growing technology

Winter and spring barley are distinguished, each of which has its own requirements for growth. In the Russian Federation, preference is given to the winter method cultivationsince it gives higher harvests.

By application

Grain is divided into two classes depending on its quality characteristics. The first class is intended for use in the food industry. They make pearl barley and barley cerealsas well as flour.

Second-class barley is used to make animal feed. Also from it get maltrequired for the production of alcohol.

Characteristics of winter varieties with descriptions

Most often, barley is sown before winter. The model of winter barley varieties is characterized not only by a higher yield, but also by early ripening. After harvesting the grain, it becomes possible to use the area for growing other plants.

According to the reviews of farmers and owners of household plots, those varieties of barley are in demand that not only have high productivity and early maturity, but also easily tolerate frost, drought and temperature extremes.

Worthy

Grain-feed mid-season variety - ripens in 230-249 days. It adapts well to a sharp drop in temperature and a lack of moisture in the soil. Average yield per hectare - 48.9 centners, maximum - 80 centners. The grain is large, yellow, elongated. The mass of 1000 grains is 38-46 g. The protein content is 8.9-13.3%.

The characteristic of Worthy barley should be supplemented with the fact that the plant is resistant to lodging, moderately susceptible to septoria, powdery mildew and head smut. Growing rules involve seed dressing before sowing. The variety is picky about fertilization.

Duncan

It tolerates drought and temperature changes from + 50 ° С to -35 ° С. Gives a high yield - up to 160-170 centners per hectare. The recommended seeding rate is 160 kg per 1 ha. The grain has a strong stem which makes it resistant to lodging.

Duncan barley is not susceptible to fungal and viral diseases:

• root rot;
• bacteriosis;
• septoria;
• powdery mildew;
• snow mold;
• dwarf rust;
• netted and fringed spotting, etc.

It tolerates soil salinization well.

Harlem

Latest generation transgenic barley bred in Canada. It is characterized by high drought and frost resistance. The ear reaches a length of 22 cm. The grain is large, golden in color. It is grown both for food purposes and for livestock feed.

The maximum yield is 110 c / ha. The recommended seeding rate is 130 kg / ha. Sowing is carried out from early August to early November. The growing season is about 270 days.

Among the benefits of Harlem barley:

• does not lose seed quality for 10 years;
• easily tolerates severe drought;
• has a high immunity to fungal and viral diseases;
• develops normally with soil salinity;
• tolerates acid rain well.

The variety is highly resistant to lodging and overmoting.

Vivat

A two-handed variety recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. The average yield is 58.5 c / ha. The maximum yield can reach 96.1 c / ha.

Refers to mid-season varieties with a growing season of 224-260 days. It tolerates low temperatures well and is resistant to lodging. The mass of 1000 grains is 37-46 g. The protein content in the grain is 9-14%. Brown rust and powdery mildew is moderately affected, helminthosporiosis - strongly, dust smut - very strongly.

Recommended for growing for livestock feed.

Alta

Winter hybrid of barley, characterized by good frost and drought resistance. Gives a good yield, reaching 60 kg / ha.

Designed for use both in the food industry and for the production of animal feed.

Monolith

The hybrid was bred by the breeders of the Karabalyk agricultural enterprise LLP. The yield is high, under favorable conditions it reaches 70 kg / ha. The variety is resistant to drought, frost, lodging and shedding.

Barley is characterized by high ecological plasticity. Demanding to fertilize the soil. The optimal planting time is from early September to late October (depending on the climatic zone).

Basalt

German elite variety with high drought tolerance. The lack of moisture in the soil does not affect the quality and quantity of grain. With the observance of agricultural technology, it is possible to obtain a yield of about 55 kg / ha. Refers to bushy varieties.

Volume

The new two-handle variety has proven itself well in the severely arid climatic conditions of the Crimean Peninsula. It is characterized by a high yield - up to 110 c / ha.

The variety is early maturing, resistant to lodging and diseases. It responds well to fertilizing the soil.

Others

Other popular varieties include:

• The ark;
• Diet;
• Cinderella;
• Fantastic;
• Selena Star;
• Dobrynya;
• Casket;
• Prikumsky.

The most winter-hardy varieties

The main disadvantage of winter barley is the possibility of frost damage. Therefore, the work of breeders is aimed at breeding more and more winter-hardy varieties.

Well proven:

• Morozko;
• Zimur;
• Pharaoh;
• Samson;
• Frontier.

Barley application

Barley grain is in great demand among consumers. It produces barley and pearl barley, flour.

Barley is used to make beer, kvass, whiskey and coffee drinks.

Attention! The cereal culture is famous for its dietary properties, therefore, barley cereals and soups helpful to be included in the daily menu with overweight.

The medicinal properties of barley make it possible to include it in a variety of folk recipes. Barley broths help:

• restore sleep mode;
• improve metabolic processes;
• lower the temperature;
• improve intestinal peristalsis;
• remove excess fluid from the body.

Barley extract is added to cosmetics:

• shampoos;
• creams;
• masks;
• lotions;
• tonics.

Conclusion

Barley grain is a popular food, feed and technical product. It contains numerous vitamins and minerals necessary for humans.

The beneficial properties of this cereal were appreciated by our ancestors. It was used to prepare drinks and meals that increase physical endurance and performance. In the modern world, barley continues to be grown on a large scale and used in various spheres of life.