Instructions for planting viburnum in the fall for beginner gardeners

Kalina (Viburnum) is a common and beloved representative of the adox family in Russia. The shrub is appreciated for its decorative appearance and bitter fruits that have medicinal properties.

According to experienced gardeners, the best time to plant viburnum is autumn. What are its advantages and features, we will tell further.

Features of planting viburnum in the fall

Most varieties and varieties of viburnum are characterized by good winter hardiness and frost resistance, so they can be planted in autumn.

Young seedlings will easily endure the first wintering and will give viable shoots with the onset of warm weather next spring.

Fundamental rules

In order for the plant to take root, the recommendations are followed:

• planting is carried out during the period of leaf fall before the first frost - usually in September or at the very beginning of October;
• the air temperature must be above + 4 ° C, and the soil must not be frozen;
• for wintering seedlings, covering material is used: sawdust, roofing material, peat;
• although viburnum is not afraid of frost, preference is given to areas protected from the wind;
• if, according to preliminary forecasts, a severe winter is expected, spring planting is preferable.

Advantages and disadvantages of autumn planting

By planting and breeding shrubs in the fall, gardeners receive the following benefits:

• during the summer, the soil warms up well and is more favorable for root formation than in spring;
• the soil around the plant, under the influence of autumn rains and snowfall, will settle, compact and protect the plant from cold weather;
• in late autumn and winter, the moisture-loving viburnum does not need frequent watering;
• Wintering provides the rest necessary for the seedling, but in the spring the plant will begin to actively sprout.

With all the advantages, this landing option also has disadvantages:

• in case of severe frosts, the seedling may die;
• Plants left unattended can be favored by rodents.

Preparation of planting material

It is advisable to purchase seedlings with a closed root system - in pots or grown in the ground. This provides the best survival rate and quality rooting. The closed roots do not dry out, and the vegetative parts of such a plant do not need pruning.

The recommended height of the cuttings is from 20 cm. The leaves and branches of the seedling must be elastic.

Before planting, the viburnum is carefully inspected, with the help of a pruner, dried branches and dead roots are removed. A pot with a plant is soaked in water for 30-60 minutes, seedlings with open roots are kept in a solution of the drug to improve root formation.

Soil

Kalina prefers:

• neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5.5 to 6.5) soil;
• well-moistened land, but without stagnant water, therefore, selects areas with deeply buried groundwater (no closer than 1 m to the surface).

Sandy, peat and podzolic soil is not suitable for growing viburnum. A bush on such soil, most likely, will not bear fruit. A well-consecrated area is also needed for the plant, but partial shade is better.

Immediately before planting the seedling, the site is dug up and weeded. It is better to refuse the introduction of herbicides - they suppress the growth of not only weeds, but also seedlings.

Mineral or organic fertilizers are applied to poor soil a month before planting. So, for a landing hole measuring 60 × 60 × 50 cm, you need:

• 1 bucket of humus or peat;
• 0.5 tbsp. potassium sulfate;
• 1 tbsp. superphosphate;
• 1 tbsp. dolomite flour;
• 2 tbsp urea.

This "cocktail" is mixed with the soil, poured into the hole 2/3, pour 30-40 liters of water on top.

Reference. Another variant of the nutritious mixture for planting viburnum: 3 kg of rotted manure, 250 g of ash and 10 g of "Nitroammofoski" per 1 m² of soil.

Instructions for planting viburnum

Work progress:

1. Planting holes are dug at a distance of at least 1.5 m from each other.
2. Make holes 50 cm deep and 60 cm wide.
3. The bottom of the pit is laid out with drainage material - crushed stone, broken brick, etc.
4. An additional introduction of 20-25 g of "Nitroammofoski" is possible.
5. The seedling is placed vertically in the hole, sprinkled with soil and carefully tamped. The optimal depth of the root collar is 5-7 cm.
6. Mulch is spread around the trunk - sawdust, peat, cut grass or dry foliage. Mulch is placed not close to the trunk - so it will not cause rotting of the seedling during prolonged autumn rains.

Further care

Regular care for viburnum includes the following activities.

Weekly watering

Its abundance depends on the age of the bush and the weather conditions of the season. As a general rule, the soil should be moistened 40 cm deep.

Water the viburnum in the evening, avoiding long breaks between procedures.

Top dressing

Dry fertilizers are used:

1. The first carried out on spring buds or during the opening of foliage. Under each bush, make 1.5-2 tbsp. l. urea, evenly spreading over the surface, then watered abundantly.
2. The second - before the flowering of viburnum. Must contain potassium. For example, 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate or 500 ml of wood ash.
3. Third - after the plant has faded. During this period, complex mineral fertilizers - "Nitroammofoska", "Nitrofoska" showed themselves well. The norm is 2 tbsp. l. on the bush.
4. Fourth - when preparing viburnum for wintering. A solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) is suitable, and as an alternative, mulching the trunk circle with a layer of manure or compost.

Other activities

Kalina also needs:

1. Periodic loosening soil and weeding.
2. Mulching. It protects the root system from temperature extremes and prevents weeds. For mulch, tree bark, chips or peat are used.
3. Preventive spraying fungicides for various diseases and insecticides against pests. Viburnum most often suffers from powdery mildew, ascochitous spot, gray and fruit rot. Among the malicious pests are the viburnum leaf beetle, black leaf-rolling aphid, viburnum leafworm, viburnum and honeysuckle gall midges, green lobed moth.
4. Pruning. Rejuvenating and shaping are carried out in early spring before the juices begin to move. Sanitary - in the fall, after dropping the crown, but before the onset of frost.

With proper care of planting, the shrub will begin to bear fruit for 3-5 years.

Reproduction and planting of viburnum in the fall

Seed and vegetative propagation of viburnum is possible. However, growing a bush from seeds is a long, laborious and often ineffective process. Therefore, it is most often propagated in a vegetative way: division, cuttings, vertical and horizontal layers.

By division

They divide mainly specimens of valuable, generously fruiting varieties of viburnum. For this, the plant must have a well-developed root with buds.

The dug bush is carefully examined, deciding how many parts it can be broken into. Each of them must have an adult shoot with several roots. Then, with a sharp tool (knife, shovel, ax), the root system is carefully cut, and the cuts are treated with charcoal.

Each part is planted in a separate, pre-fertilized planting pit.

Cuttings

Cuttings are harvested during the flowering period of viburnum (June - early July).A sign of the readiness of a bush for division is the elasticity of its shoots: if the branch is bent, it will not break.

Procedure:

1. The middle part of the shoot 10-12 cm long is cut obliquely. 2-3 nodes should remain on the cuttings. The lower leaves are cut off, and the upper ones are shortened by half.
2. The lower cut of the cuttings is kept in a rooting and growth stimulator (Kornevin, Heteroauxin, etc.) in accordance with the instructions for the preparation.
3. Prepare a soil mixture of peat and river sand in a 1: 1 ratio.
4. Cuttings are planted in the finished soil at an angle, carefully deepening. A distance of at least 5 cm is maintained between landings.
5. The planted cuttings are covered with a transparent dome - a large glass jar cut with a plastic bottle or plastic wrap. The optimum humidity in an improvised "greenhouse" is 70-90%, so the plants are sprayed with clean warm water several times a day.
6. After 3 weeks, the cuttings will give roots. Plants begin to harden - the dome is removed for several hours every day. Gradually, the time in the open air is increased, after which the shelter is completely removed.
7. For the winter, cuttings are removed indoors.
8. In the spring, daily hardening is repeated for 2 weeks.
9. In open soil, shoots are planted for growing according to the scheme of 50 × 15 cm.
10. The cuttings are planted in a permanent place when they finally get stronger and grow up.

Layers

The easiest and most effective way to propagate viburnum is to use vertical layering.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

1. After the beginning of leaf fall in young specimens, the lower branches with 2-4 buds are shortened, and the stem is spud up high.
2. In the spring, shoots sprout from the buds trapped underground. When they grow 8-10 cm, re-hilling is carried out to a height of 4-5 cm.
3. When the shoots reach 20-30 cm, a hole is dug around them so that they can be pulled at the base with copper wire. Then the shoots are again spud up to 1/3 of their height.
4. After 2 weeks, hilling is repeated.
5. The next fall, the layers are dug up, cut off from the parent bush and planted in a permanent place.

Breeding with horizontal layering is possible:

1. A two- or three-year-old branch is cut so that 2-4 buds remain on it.
2. A year later, a new shoot should grow in this place. It is again shortened by 1/5 part, bent to the ground and placed in a previously prepared groove 5-6 cm deep. The shoot is fixed with hooks.
3. When the shoots that have grown from its buds reach 10-15 cm in height, the groove is filled with a mixture of peat with humus and the cuttings are buried. The tops of the branches should remain on the surface.
4. During the summer season, 2-3 hilling is performed.
5. In autumn, the buried shoot is cut off from the mother bush, the layers that have given the roots are separated from each other and planted in a permanent place.

Features of autumn planting, depending on the region

Under natural conditions, viburnum grows on the territory of the European part of Russia, Siberia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. In more northern regions with long winters and frozen poor soil, the plant does not take root well.

Autumn planting in different regions is carried out taking into account weather conditions - the seedling should be in the soil at least 10 days before the first frost:

• Central Black Earth Region, Far East - mid - end of September;
• The middle band is the beginning of September;
• Urals and Siberia - late August - early September.

Depending on the type of viburnum

When choosing varieties for autumn planting, they are guided by their ability to withstand cold temperatures. Almost all varieties of viburnum, including decorative ones, tolerate frosts down to -10 ... -15 ° С. However, if there are severe frosts in a particular region in winter, it is better to opt for the following types:

1. Viburnum red (ordinary). The traditional type of shrub is named for the scarlet color of the drupe. Severe winters are well tolerated by the varieties Shukshinskaya, Zarnitsa, Zakat, Maria, Ryabinushka, Vigorovskaya.
2. Viburnum wrinkled - an evergreen shrub with yellow-orange flowers and black small fruits. Differs in high resistance to frost and drought.
3. Viburnum arrogance has pubescent leaves and trunks, creamy white flowers and black berries. The Aureum variety is frost-resistant.

It is interesting:

When and how to plant honeysuckle in autumn and what mistakes to avoid during planting.

How to properly plant raspberries in the fall and take care of them further.

Proven ways to store grape cuttings in winter and test them before planting.

How to properly plant cherries in the fall.

Experienced gardening tips

Gardeners with extensive experience in the cultivation of viburnum made interesting observations:

• on a bush growing in a shaded area, pests settle much less often;
• for viburnum, it is important that water does not stagnate in the soil;
• to improve pollination, it is better to plant several viburnum bushes every 3-4 m;
• planting viburnum in mountainous areas helps to strengthen the soil.

Conclusion

Kalina will become a real decoration of the garden plot. Autumn planting by one of the vegetative methods - dividing, grafting or layering - gives a good survival rate of the shrub and its fruiting approximately 3-5 years after the seedling has shoots.