How to grow a batun onion: planting and care in the open field before winter

There are about 600 varieties of onions in the world. Among them there are savory and sweet varieties grown for turnip and green feathers. The latter include the spring onion, which gives aromatic, semi-sharp greens. This type of onion is sown 2-3 times per season - in spring, summer and autumn with seeds.

Increased resistance to bitter frosts allows planting before frost starts and harvesting the first crop in early spring. From this material, you will learn everything about planting a batun onion before winter and caring for it in the open field.

Is it possible to plant a spring onion before winter

The onion is characterized by increased frost resistance, which allows you to plant it in late autumn before winter to get early greenery early spring... This planting method has more advantages than disadvantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

Winter onion planting has a number of advantages:

• early harvest;
• there is no need for weeding and loosening of the beds;
• the risk of contamination of plantings is minimized due to the fact that the winter plant grows stronger than the spring one;
• space is freed up with nutritious soil for planting tomatoes or cucumbers after harvesting onions.

Among the disadvantages of winter sowing Batuna secrete an increased risk of seed death in severe frosts and winters with little snow. However, warming the site with agrofibre helps preserve the planting.

Suitable varieties

Late-ripening varieties are best suited for planting a batun before winter.... They produce greens in 150-180 days and are highly productive. From 1 sq. m it is possible to collect 2-3 kg of green feathers.

The best late-ripening varieties:

1. May... Winter-hardy (withstands up to -45 ° C), highly branched. The leaves are dark green with a rich waxy coating. The feather grows late in the spring. From the moment of germination to full ripeness, 45-50 days pass. The plant throws out arrows up to half a meter high. In the second year, it forms up to five stems. The taste is spicy, tangy, sweet.
2. Gribovsky... High-yielding, perennial, branched plant. Green feathers sprout slowly. The onion head is almost invisible from the ground. From the moment of sowing to the appearance of the first greens, 60-65 days pass. Leaves are erect, 40 cm long, fall without support. The taste is slightly pungent with a slight bitterness and a persistent onion smell.
3. Seryozha... The growing season is 80-110 days. The taste is semi-sharp. Green feathers are delicate, thin, sweet, up to 1.5 m high. The plant forms a white bulb.
4. Ishikura long white. The growing season is 100-110 days after germination. Stems are erect, up to 55 cm high, dark green in color with a strong waxy bloom. False stem without anthocyanin coloration. The taste is pleasant, semi-sharp.
5. Early meal... The growing season is 100-110 days after germination. Stems are erect, 40-45 cm high, dark green in color with a slight waxy bloom. The taste is sweetish, slightly pungent.

In Russia, the onion is often called the "Tatar"since it was introduced by the Mongol-Tatars.

When to sow

Timing of planting a batun determined taking into account the weather conditions of each region or according to the lunar calendar.

Auspicious days according to the lunar calendar

Sowing seeds is performed in October - November before the onset of stable frosts.

Sowing dates for 2019:

• October: 1-5, 8-11, 15-17, 21, 29-31;
• November: 1-3, 5-8, 11-13, 17, 20, 27-30.

Sowing dates for 2020:

• October: 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 17-23, 26,27, 31;
• November: 2, 4-6, 12, 16-19, 22, 24-30.

Suitable weather conditions for sowing

The tramp is sown up to three times per season: April, June, October and November. Sowing work is carried out before the onset of stable frosts. The optimum daytime temperature is + 4 ... + 5 ° С.

Crop rotation rules

Onion planted after white cabbage and cauliflower, broccoli, tomatoes, peas, beans, zucchini, eggplant, flax, lupine, oats. Bad precursors are garlic, carrots and onions.

Batun refers to perennial crops and is capable of producing greens for 7-10 years... However, the quality of the crop decreases. The peak of fertility occurs 3-4 years after the first sowing. A year later, a decrease in yield is observed. Therefore, 4-5 years after planting the trampoline, a new bed is created and the seeds are sown again.

Thus, it is possible to replace low-yielding plantings with new ones. Seeds are harvested from an old garden bed, dried, processed and sown. Such crop rotation does not require cash investments.

Training

Planting onions before winter begins with preparatory work: seed treatment, plowing and fertilization of the site.

Soil

The plot for sowing onions is plowed in half with a shovel... Deep digging does not make sense because of the compact root system.

The culture is able to grow in the same place for several years in a row without losing productivity.... Therefore, you do not have to prepare the soil for planting every year. It is enough to fertilize the soil with nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus once every five years.

For 1 sq. m of soil is applied:

• 3-6 kg of humus or 30-40 g of urea or ammonium nitrate per 1 sq. m;
• 20 g of potassium chloride or 40 g of superphosphate.

Clay soil is lightened with sand - 3 kg per 1 sq. m or 200 g of wood ash per 1 sq. m.

Sour soil is deoxidized with dolomite flour - 400-500 g per 1 sq. m.

Planting material

Seeds before sowing are disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate within 20 minutes, then fill with clean water for 24 hours. The water is changed 2-3 times.

To stimulate germination after melting snow and increase protective forces, the material is treated with succinic acid, "Epin" or "Zircon". After soaking, the seeds are not washed and dried to flow.

How to sow correctly

After fertilization, the bed is leveled and furrows are formed at a distance of 15-20 cm.

The seeding depth depends on the soil:

• into light, sandy loam and loamy seeds, they are buried by 3 cm;
• into a heavy, hammered - to a depth of 2 cm.

Sowing the reel too deep makes it difficult germination of greenery in spring.

The culture is highly frost-resistant, therefore even severe frosts do not threaten her, provided that the sowing dates are observed... However, experienced gardeners advise covering the beds with mulch - peat, hay, straw, dry branches or foliage, sawdust. This coating prevents deep soil freezing.

With the arrival of the first ground frosts, the site is additionally covered black agrofibre. Non-woven fabric actively absorbs ultraviolet light and promotes rapid soil thawing in spring.

How to care for plantings

After completion of sowing work and shelter beds you can breathe out and rest. With the arrival of spring, when the snow melts, agrofibre and mulch are removed. The first shoots appear in 5-6 days. The grown onions are immediately thinned out, since thickened plantings will cause low yields.

In spring, the batun slowly grows a green feather... To stimulate the defenses and enhance the growth of plantings, watered with "Epin" or "Zircon".

Further care includes:

1. Moisture control, planting watering as needed, taking into account the high moisture demand of young plants. The soil is shed to a depth of about 20 cm. In a drought, the batun is watered every other day. In moderate weather, watering is carried out with warm water twice a week under the root.
2. Regular loosening of the beds after rain and watering and weeding as the weeds grow.
3. In the first year after sowing the trampoline before winter, fertilizers do not need to be applied. It is permissible to dust the beds with wood ash to increase plant productivity and protect against insects. In the future, plantings are fertilized with mullein (1:10) or chicken droppings (1:15).

Protection against diseases and pests

Onions are prone to downy mildew (downy mildew)... The leaf plate is covered with a gray-purple moldy bloom. The growth of the plant stops.

Rust on green feathers appears as yellow, rounded spots... The presentation of greens is significantly deteriorating, leaves die off and yield decreases.

For prevention and treatment diseases use preparations with copper: "HOM", "Oxyhom", copper sulfate, 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. 2-3 treatments are enough.

The onion is often attacked by the onion leaf beetle-cracker... Adults hibernate in the soil, and in early spring they rise to the surface and begin to actively feed on young greenery. An adult beetle 6-7 mm long has an oblong shape. The color is orange-red, the antennae and eyes are black, the limbs are red. The larva is thick, convex, dirty yellow in color.

Adult onion weevils pierce a feather and suck out the juice. Weevil larvae bite into greenery and feed on plant tissue.

Larvae onion fly eat the bulbs, which leads to wilting and yellowing of the plant.

Onion Lurker hibernates under plant debris, lumps of soil. It comes to the surface after the snow melts. It feeds on young green feathers of the batun. Larvae and beetles cause harm. Damage looks like needle pricks, closely spaced along the sheet.

It is not recommended to use strong chemical preparations for onion processing... Green mass actively accumulates toxic substances, so its use leads to poisoning of the body.

Diseases and insect attacks are easier to prevent using these methods:

1. Sowing onions in the same area no earlier than 4 years later.
2. Cultivation of crops on fertile soil.
3. Compliance with the regime of watering, loosening the beds.
4. Timely Weed Harvesting - Most insects lay their eggs in the weeds.
5. Removal from the site of diseased, dead and damaged plants - they spread infectious diseases.
6. Use for sowing healthy planting material from the manufacturer and preventive treatment of seeds harvested by hand with a solution of potassium permanganate.
7. The use of deterrent agents: potatoes treated with creolin or creosote, mulching the beds with peat, dusting with tobacco tobacco and ash.
8. Watering at the root with a decoction of tobacco. Insist 1 kg of fresh or 500 g of dry raw materials in 10 liters of boiling water for 12 hours, dilute with clean water 20-30 times, add 30 g of shavings of laundry soap.

Harvesting and storage

The first crop is harvested after the feather reaches a length of 25-30 cm... After 45 days after planting, the final harvest of juicy greens is carried out. This usually happens at the end of March - in April, depending on the variety.

Green feathers are cut with a sharp knife at a level of 5 cm from the ground... Greens are folded in boxes or wrapped in perforated plastic wrap and stored in a cool place.

The frozen product is stored in the freezer for about a year.... In the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator, a green feather is stored for a month.

Onions are suitable for drying in the oven, electric dryer and outdoors. Dry raw materials are stored in paper bags or glass containers for up to a year.

Conclusion

The frost resistance of the onion is amazing. The plant is able to withstand bitter frosts down to -45 ° C. This feature allows you to plant it in October - November, up to a soil temperature of -3 ° C, and in March - April to collect the first vitamin greens.Batun grows in the same place without loss of qualities up to 4-5 years, so there is no need to increase the fertility of the site annually.

The seeds hibernate under a thick layer of mulch and black agrofibre, and sprout after the snow melts. In winter, planting maintenance is not required; in the spring, they perform standard agricultural techniques - watering, loosening, weeding, protection from diseases and pests.