Early ripe potato variety "Zorachka" for fresh consumption
The early ripe potato variety Zorachka is the result of the work of Belarusian scientists. It has gained popularity among novices and professional farmers alike, who love the variety for its taste and short growing season. Let's talk about him in more detail today.
The content of the article
Description of the variety
What is Zorachka potato?
This is an early ripening table variety. The period from planting to harvest takes an average of 70 days, but the first digging is done already on the 45th day. The bushes form erect, powerful shoots of low to medium height (no more than 60 cm), with medium-sized leaves and light blue flowers.
Differences from other varieties
The taste of potatoes is not watery, rich... It has an average yield and a high degree of disease resistance. Fertilization with mineral dressings leads to an increase in the number of tubers and an improvement in the presentation.
Reference. Zorachka potatoes belong to the culinary type AB, therefore they are suitable for salads and cooking.
Recommended to be consumed fresh, without leaving for long-term storage. With proper care, a two-tiered harvest is possible - 45 and 55 days after germination.
Chemical composition, trace elements and vitamins
100 g of early ripe potatoes contains:
- water - 78-87 g;
- starch - 12-14 g;
- sugar - 0.5-1.3 g;
- proteins - 0.7-1.6 g;
- potassium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus and other macro- and microelements - 0.9-1.0 g;
- biotin, beta-carotene, vitamins C, PP, A, group B - 15-18 mg.
The starch level is 12-14%.
Other varieties of potatoes:
What is good about the German variety of potatoes "Zekura"
Tuber characteristics and yield
The variety is characterized by an oval shape of tubers with a smooth surface and small eyes far apart from each other. The peel is yellow with dark patches. The pulp is light yellow in color, firm, slightly digestible.
The weight of one potato is 90-120 g... You can collect 9-10 pieces from one bush. presentation. The yield depends on climatic conditions, soil composition, irrigation regularity and amounts to 350-700 centners per hectare.
Growing region and planting dates
After long trials, the variety Zorachka is recommended for growing in Central and Northwest regions of Russia, as well as in Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus. Despite the fact that the variety is resistant to changes in temperature and humidity, abundant watering is preferable for potatoes.
Lack of moisture and inappropriate soil affects the taste and size of the tubers.
The main advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The positive qualities of the variety include:
- short ripening period - after 45 days, the bushes dig in and collect the first crop;
- unpretentiousness to soil composition and weather conditions;
- high yield, allowing potatoes to be grown on a large industrial scale and on farms;
- ease of care;
- rich taste;
- due to its low starch content, the variety is resistant to transportation;
- excellent keeping quality;
- resistance to diseases, pests.
Of the shortcomings, gardeners note:
- susceptibility to the Y-virus;
- the need for frequent watering, and, as a result, loosening.
But, as practice shows, mulched potato beds evaporate less moisture and loosening is done less frequently.
Features of planting and growing
Potatoes are planted in May, when the soil warms up to a temperature of + 7 ... + 10 ° С... The soil is suitable loamy, forest, peat, sandy loam. To improve the quality of the land, sand, lime, humus are introduced.
Preparing for landing
Tubers for planting are prepared in autumn, after harvest... To do this, dig up thick, strong bushes, dry the tubers for several days, avoiding direct sunlight. Selected intact potatoes the size of a chicken egg, stored separately from the rest of the crop.
Two weeks before planting, the tubers germinateplaced in a warm place and laid out in drawers in one layer. Sprinkle with sawdust, which is periodically sprayed with water - this way the potatoes germinate faster. Then it is covered with cloth or paper so that the sun's rays do not harm.
Important! When sprouts appear, they are treated with fungicides or sprayed with warm water and sprinkled with ash. This protects the planting material from late blight.
Landing scheme and technology
The site is dug up, humus and compost are added... The holes are dug at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other, the gap between the rows is 55-60 cm.Large tubers are sealed to a depth of 10 cm, smaller ones - by 7 cm.
In the process of planting, the soil is additionally fertilized with a nutrient mixture, consisting of 150-200 g of peat, 1 tbsp. l. wood ash, 2 tsp. superphosphate. The collection is mixed with earth and put into each planting hole a handful.
Growing features
The main feature in the cultivation process of the variety is abundant watering with obligatory loosening of the soil... The rest of the agricultural technology does not differ from that applicable to other types of potatoes.
The place is chosen open, sunny... Planted in May: in the northern regions - at the end of the month, in the southern regions - in the middle. Compliance with the rules of crop rotation will help to increase the yield - potatoes grow well after leafy vegetables, cabbage, carrots, beets.
To achieve an even distribution of sunlight, the beds are located from north to south.
Important! During planting, it is not recommended to introduce fresh manure, this can cause tuber diseases.
The nuances of care
It is better not to plant potatoes next to other plants of the Solanaceae family.: tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, which are attacked by the Colorado potato beetle. The presence of pumpkin, cucumber suffering from late blight in neighboring areas is also undesirable.
Exactly proper care of potatoes, including watering, loosening, hilling, processing bushes retains the characteristic properties of the Zorachka variety and increases the mass of tubers by 20-25%.
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Watering mode
The first watering is performed after the appearance of green bushes on the surface a height of at least 20 cm. The next watering is performed during the budding period, when tubers are formed. After flowering, the bushes are not watered in order to avoid late blight.
The optimal amount of liquid for one plant is 3 liters... The next day after watering, the soil around the bushes is loosened.
Top dressing
If a sufficient amount of complex fertilizer is applied to the ground during potato planting, during the growth period, you will need to feed the soil three times:
Two handfuls of humus under each bush before the first hilling.- Dissolve 30 g of potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water, add the solution to 1 sq. m beds or 200 g of wood ash at the beginning of flowering.
- Infusion of 10 liters of water, 50 g of superphosphate, 200 g of mullein, apply under each bush in an amount of 500 ml during the flowering period.
Use organic nettle feed at the start of growth... To prepare it, fill the bucket to 70% with grass, fill it with water, leave to infuse for 14 days. Dilute the infusion with water in a ratio of 1:20 and water the culture.
Disease and pest control
The Zorachka variety is distinguished by strong immunity against nematodes, cancer, relatively resistant to late blight of stems and fruits, but exposed to the Y-virus:
- Late blight appears at high humidity - about 90% - and an ambient temperature of + 15-20 ° C. It appears as dark spots on the outside of the leaves and light blotches on the back. Since it is useless to fight the disease, to prevent its spread to neighboring plants, diseased potato bushes are removed at the first sign of its manifestation.
- The Y virus can cut yields by 70%. When signs appear in the form of yellow twisted foliage, the leaf plate falls off, the appearance of dark brown corner necrotic spots, the bushes are disposed of.
Harvesting and storage
For young potatoes collection begins 45 days after germination... Technically, ripe tubers are dug out after 70-75 days in warm sunny weather, having cleared a place on the site in advance.
The dug tubers are sorted, selecting damaged, rotten and deformed... The rest are treated with a solution of copper sulfate, lowered into a basement with a temperature of no more than + 4 ° C and a humidity of 80-85% for further storage.
What can be the difficulties in growing
There were no particular difficulties in growing the potato variety Zorachka... Choosing a place for planting, where water does not accumulate, observing all the necessary conditions of agricultural technology, they get a good harvest of tasty nutritious potatoes.
Tips from experienced gardeners and reviews about the Zorachka variety
Ogorodnikov the variety suits with unpretentiousness in care, undemanding to soil and climate.
Oksana, Ryazan: “Due to the early ripening period, we eat young potatoes at the beginning of July, and store the rest until the New Year. We have been growing for five years. I did not notice any difficulties in growing. The main thing is to water, spill on time and make sure that Colorado beetles do not attack ".
Galina, Bryansk: “As a novice gardener, I cannot but note the ease of cultivation, resistance to diseases, thanks to which we get a high yield of tasty healthy potatoes, which is suitable for use in home cooking”.
Marina, Kaluga: “Every year, as an experiment, I plant a new potato variety in my dacha. This year I tried an early variety Zorachka. The potatoes turned out to be tasty and peeled and peeled. I especially liked it when fried ".
Conclusion
Considering the description and feedback from experienced farmers, it becomes clear that the Zorachka variety is an excellent early variety suitable for growing in many regions of Russia. It does not require special care, it tolerates temperature extremes, and is resistant to pests and diseases. By following the standard rules of agricultural technology, you will get a high yield of tasty and healthy potatoes.