Gift from Siberian breeders - tomato "Countryman": description of the variety and the rules for its cultivation
Growing tomatoes in your own dacha is not an easy and interesting activity in its own way. The choice of a variety is always a topical question for every summer resident: it is important that the planting material is distinguished by good germination, and the culture itself does not get sick and brings a high yield.
In the article, we will consider the advantages and disadvantages of the Countryman variety, and also share the gardeners' feedback on its cultivation.
The content of the article
Description of the variety
The variety appeared thanks to the development of Siberian breeders... Russian scientists specially created it for cultivation in vast territories with a temperate continental climate and in the Siberian region.
Distinctive features
Tomato Countryman is grown in the open field, use seedlings or seeds... It belongs to early maturing determinant plants, that is, it is a compact, low-growing bush that grows up to 70 cm in height.
Important! This nightshade crop does not need to be tied up. In addition, there is no need to remove stepchildren.
Fruit characteristics, yield
Up to 15 tomatoes can ripen on the brush of a tomato bush... In general, the yield of one plant is about 4 kg of fruits. The first tomatoes ripen about three months after planting seedlings in the ground. Fully ripe in July.
Tomato fruit Countrymanare distinguished by a rich red color and an oblong smooth shape... Their sizes are approximately the same, the weight of one specimen is 60-80 g. Due to the fact that there are no more than 2-3 chambers inside one tomato, it is classified as a small-chamber nightshade.
Fruits of culture have a sweet and sour taste and firm flesh... They are transportable and reliable in storage. It is an excellent raw material for canning whole fruits and preparing low-calorie vegetable dishes.
How to grow
Given the features of the temperate continental climate, grow tomatoes of the Compatriot variety, preferably in a seedling way... In warmer regions, a seedless sowing option can also be considered.
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Planting with seeds / seedlings
Seed planting stages:
Open ground is processed. The earth is dug up with a bayonet shovel, pitchfork or motor plows (cultivator), after which it is loosened, mineral fertilizers are applied.- The soil layer is watered with water and covered with plastic wrap.
- After a thorough and prolonged heating of the earth, seeds are planted in open ground. The planting material must be dry or pre-moistened. For soaking, the seeds are placed in a wet cloth and left for several days in a room with room temperature. As an alternative, soaking is considered for 2-3 hours at a temperature of +26 ° C.
Approximate immersion depth - 1-2 cm... It is advisable to place at least two seeds in each hole with a distance of 2-3 cm. The buried holes are watered with warm water and covered with polyethylene. In the daytime, the film must be folded up, otherwise the sprouted sprouts may burn out.
Seedling method
For seedlings take disinfected low containers.
Important! Containers made of plastic, wood, paper (cardboard), peat and others are acceptable.
They are filled with a disinfected soil mixture.consisting of peat, garden soil, compost, sand and ash in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 0.5. Ash is taken at the rate of 200 g per 10 kg of soil.
Two months before planting young shoots in open ground the seeds undergo a selection procedure and a germination test, after which they are buried in the ground in the same way as in the seedless method. Top dressing and watering of the plant are required.
Half a month before transplanting, the sprouts are hardened (upon reaching a stable positive temperature):
- open the vents - first for an hour, then for a longer period;
- taken out to the balcony for a short time, gradually increasing the time the plants are in the air;
- continue to grow outdoors - first in the shade, then on the sunny side.
When planting seedlings in the ground there should be a distance of 35 cm between the bushes, at least 70 cm between the rows.
Care
So that plants grow healthy and strong, it is important to do the following regularly:
- watering;
- weed;
- loosen;
- mulch;
- feed;
- thin out.
Important! Water about once a week at the rate of one bucket of water per bush. If there is no rain in the region, but there is heat and drought, water it 2-3 times a week.
It is preferable to feed the plant liquid solutions 2-3 times during the entire growth period. The fertilizer composition depends on the stage of development. At the initial stage, the land is fertilized with nitrogen substances. They promote the growth of shoots and leaves.
In the future, summer residents bring in potash and phosphorus compounds. Excellent results are given by hydrogen peroxide, yeast, ash, etc.
Weed control is an important part of grooming... Weeds are removed with agricultural hand tools and special mechanized equipment, poisons. Weeding allows you to remove both the surface and underground part of the weed. As a result, the grass will not take vital components from the tomatoes and will not disrupt their growth.
In the process of mulching the ground between the bushes is covered with dried grass, sawdust, straw and other alternative means.
Important! This method will retain soil moisture and keep the bush from dehydrating. As a result, the properties of the soil are improved as the fertility of the substrate increases.
Features of cultivation and possible difficulties
A distinctive feature of the cultivation of the Countryman - watering only after sunset.
It is important to trace the sequence of feeding... Compounds that help at one stage of development are harmful at another stage of growth.
Potential difficulties can arise if the farmer has not taken into account the composition of the soil. Highly acidic soils will not yield high yields - all work will be in vain.
Diseases and pests
Nightshade culture the following diseases can affect:
- Phytophthora... Has the appearance of dark dots. It is treated with copper sulfate and factory-made preparations containing copper.
- White and gray rot... Light dry spots are formed on the plant. To eliminate the disease, it is necessary to reduce humidity, establish ventilation and use antifungal agents.
- Dry or zonal spotting... Looks like necrotic spots. Destroyed plants are destroyed and continue to adhere to the rules of crop rotation.
- Wilt... The infected plant is removed from the soil and destroyed. The well is treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
- Vertex rot... It arises due to improper plant care, erroneous soil composition, illiterate fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. Treat and prevent disease with drugs "Zircon", "Gumifid", "Epin".
The most famous pests of tomatoes: bear, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, a special species of moth. For pest control, chemicals such as Top-Star, Confidor, Fitoverm are used.
Harvesting and application of the crop
The fruits are harvested when they have grown to the size of the variety., as well as upon reaching milk ripeness (tomatoes are still green or white-green, but have a full weight).
It is important to keep track of changes in weather conditions.With high humidity and a pronounced cold snap, when the average daily temperature drops below +13 ° C, it is worthwhile to immediately start harvesting. In this case, the degree of maturity does not matter.
In case the tomatoes were removed from the branch while still green, they are immersed in warm water, dried and removed to a warm place until fully ripe. Unripe tomatoes can be left for long-term storage. They are removed from the branch together with the stalk.
Fully ripe fruits are consumed in any form: fresh, heat-treated, canned. They are used to prepare the first and second courses, salads, drinks, etc.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantage of the Zemlyak variety is early maturity... He manages to ripen in the middle zone and colder regions of Russia. The inhabitants of these regions have the opportunity to stock up on delicious food for the coming period and eat it fresh in plenty. Moreover, the variety is resistant to adverse weather conditions and plant diseases.
Disadvantages can be considered requirements for the composition of the soil and strict adherence to agrotechnical measures. Improper watering and lack of mulching will affect the volume of the crop.
Farmers reviews
Let's take a closer look at the reviews of summer residents who have already planted compatriot tomatoes.
Love, Mogilev: “Super grade! I bought seeds in 2013. Now I have been sowing with my seeds for 5 years. What a wonderful adjika from this variety! And pickled tomatoes without vinegar are just lovely. I recommend this variety to everyone ".
Julia, Berdsk: “We cut practically only it into salads. I plant it every year. This year the harvest is very good, it has never happened before ".
Natalia, Tula: “I liked the variety Countryman. Sowed for the first time, showed itself well in seedlings (did not stretch, did not get sick) and pleased the harvest ".
Conclusion
Tomato Countryman is a nightshade crop, which is quite suitable for growing in any region of Russia, except for the Far East. It is viable, gives a good harvest, and is resistant to many diseases of the nightshade.