Winter wheat "Moscow 40": variety description

Several years ago, the persistent winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 40 began to be cultivated in the central regions of Russia. This is the result of 15 years of work by Nemchinov breeders: now it is conquering the lands of central Russia.

You will learn about what the Moskovskaya 40 variety is and what are the features of its cultivation in our article.

Main characteristics and description of wheat

The Moskovskaya 40 variety was bred in 1999 and included in the state register in 2011. This wheat was originally intended for cultivation in the Tula region, where it gives the most abundant harvest. Even in unfavorable conditions, the stems almost do not linger under the weight of the ears.

In such conditions, the predecessor of the variety lost up to 60% of the yield, and this is a clear advantage of Moskovskaya 40.

The characteristics of the culture are as follows:

1. Variety: erythrospermum.
2. Vegetation: 271-319 days, mid-season variety.
3. Height: 73-98.
4. Coleoptile anthocyanin coloration: medium-strong.
5. Bush: intermediate, semi-upright.
6. Wax bloom: medium on the ear, medium on the joint of the flag leaf.
7. Ear shape: fusiform, club-shaped.
8. Ear length and density: medium.
9. Guard hairs of spike: medium length.
10. Head edge: not pronounced.
11. Shoulder: Rounded, narrow and straight.
12. Prong: slightly curved.
13. Caryopsis: colored.

The specific gravity of 1000 grains is from 37 to 48 g. In the region, the yield is about 33.7 c / ha. However, on black soil, the standard increment is 4.1 c / ha, that is, the yield is 40.1 c / ha.

Fact. In 2009, a record harvest was harvested in the Kaluga region, amounting to 66.5 c / ha.

Features of the winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 40

The crop produces a bountiful harvest under the most adverse conditions. Many years of work of breeders have created a domestic wheat variety with a low cost price with good characteristics of the flour obtained at the output.

Origin story

The Moskovskaya 39 variety of winter bread wheat was created by the Research Institute of Agriculture TsRNZ (Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in the central regions of the non-chernozem zone). The selection work was attended by: E.T. Varenitsa, B.I. Sandukhadze and G.V. Kochetygov. The selection was carried out from the hybrid offspring of the varieties Obriy and Yantarnaya 50.

Wheat grew up to 100 cm. She did not get sick with septoria, no hard smut, or snow mold, but she was not immune to powdery mildew and brown rust. The baking qualities are good: the variety was one of the best representatives of winter wheat.

But with all the positive characteristics, the variety did not fully meet international standards. Poured ears fell under the influence of external negative factors, and a large percentage of the crop was lost. For this reason, breeders from the NIISH "Nemchinovka" were forced to engage in serious work to develop a more perfect variety.

Careful selection lasted for 15 years, culminating in the production of 200-300 prototypes. After that, in-depth breeding work began, which made it possible to form a new variety Moskovskaya 40. The stems of this wheat are lower and stronger, which makes it possible to preserve almost all the grains.

But the work on the breeding of a shorter plant with a tough and elastic straw did not stop, and soon the Moskovskaya 56 variety appeared. It was bred by crossing the Inna, Mironovskaya semi-intensive and Moskovskaya 39 varieties, and has improved characteristics. Officially Moscow 56 has been cultivated since 2008.

She shows good results:

• high resistance to lodging;
• more viable stems per square meter;
• disease resistance;
• maximum yield - 8.54 t / ha.

Ear growth does not exceed 73-75 cm, which is an important achievement for winter wheat.

Features: taste

Bakery products are baked on an industrial scale from Moskovskaya 40. This is an elite flour of the highest grade, with excellent characteristics. It contains 33% wet gluten and has a water absorption rate of 60.9%. The dough is formed in 4.5 minutes, and its dimensional stability received five points.

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What are the advantages over other varieties

With sufficient moisture supply of winter wheat varieties, application of mineral fertilizers (N120P90K90), the yield is 56-68 c / ha. But the higher the number, the lower the level of protein and gluten became. The Moskovskaya 40 variety is considered an exception to this rule, therefore it is considered elite.

Comparative characteristics of the quality of winter varieties grown in 2009 at the Vygonichsky GSU:

Moskovskaya 40 is 7-8 cm lower than its predecessor, which makes the straw more resistant to lodging. The ear has become denser and acquired a club-like shape.

Variety characteristics

The ripening period of wheat Moskovskaya 40 is somewhat later than the recognized standards: In memory of Fedin, Inna and Moskovskaya 39. Wheat has good reviews from agronomists-technologists.

Over a decade of observations, the yield increased by 2.5-3 c / ha more than that of Moskovskaya 39. The quality of grain has improved markedly.

Drought tolerance

Moskovskaya 40 has standard drought tolerance. With timely irrigation and harvesting, as well as adherence to the technology of care, the plants are not in danger.

Disease resistance

Moskovskaya 40 does not get sick with hard smut, but it is susceptible to septoria and snow mold. Isolated cases of leaf rust infection. In order for strong seedlings to germinate, it is necessary to carry out pre-sowing seed dressing.

This preventive measure will prevent possible disease of head smut, root rot, spotting and mold growth of the seed. Etching is carried out both a couple of days before sowing and earlier.

Basic drugs:

Winter hardiness

Frost resistance above average. Winter hardiness is determined by the characteristics of the cultivated variety and the level of concentration of water-soluble sugars collected in the bush nodes of wintering wheat.

Important! It is necessary to timely prepare the soil and seeds for sowing, organize watering and feeding.Proper care of seedlings in the autumn and the right temperature during the growing season are prerequisites for their viability.

Lodging resistance

The sturdy short stems can withstand strong winds and other adverse weather conditions. Moskovskaya 40 is more resistant to lodging relative to its predecessors.

Resistant to sprinkling

Long and strong awns cover the grains that fit tightly to each other. This protects the wheat from sprinkling. The higher the bushiness, the more the plant will yield. The maximum density is 500-700 straws per sq. m.

Features of growing varieties Moskovskaya 40

Winter wheat varieties Moskovskaya 39, Moskovskaya 56 and Moskovskaya 40, subject to the developed cultivation technologies, yield production-scale crops. The figure ranges from 5.8 to 8.0 t / ha.

Predecessors

For a long time, the composition of the soil in the central zone of Russia did not allow growing grain with high baking characteristics. And only Moskovskaya 39 began to be used for these purposes, and not for feeding livestock. The stems of this variety are 15 cm shorter, which determines the strength of the straw. They do not lie down from wind and precipitation, and the yield has become higher.

Moskovskaya 39 was bred in order to obtain food volumes of grain in the Central region of Russia. Has excellent technological qualities of cultivation, responds well to feeding, and has a high productivity. Up to 35-50 centners of high quality grain are harvested from one hectare.

Landing dates

For the full development of winter wheat varieties, sowing is carried out in early autumn. On average, 50-60 days before the onset of persistent frost. The seeding density should be low, because winter varieties give abundant shoots due to their increased spikeiness. Plants should grow freely and not interfere with each other.

Choose a narrow-row sowing method, thus providing protection against overgrowth of weeds. Sowing wheat is carried out strictly from north to south, so that the sun has time to evenly warm all the seeds.

Soil requirements

Scientists from the Moscow region are closely monitoring the variety and select a high-quality seed fund.

There is no need to treat Moskovskaya 40 with expensive chemicals - the plant has an innate resistance to dangerous diseases. This determines the low cost of grain.

It is important to observe the following conditions:

1. Moisture. The soil should contain about 10 mm of water during the sowing period. Lack or excess of moisture can destroy crops.
2. Optimum temperature. Violation of this condition will result in crop loss. When the temperature index drops to + 4 ... + 5 ° C, the growth of shoots stops and the dormancy stage begins.
3. Loosening. Necessary for oxygen access to the roots.

Successful cultivation of winter varieties requires weed-free fields. So that they do not germinate in a field left under fallow, the timing of sowing and sowing seeds should not be violated.

It is necessary to rationally use herbicides from the groups 2M-4X, 2M-4XP, 2.4 D. Their effectiveness decreases when the temperature drops during the spraying period to + 12˚C, and at + 8 ... + 10˚C the preparations become useless.

Other

To increase the yield and quality of grain, agronomists use a system of fertilizing with mineral fertilizers:

1. Nitrogen. Agrotechnical analysis for its content is carried out in the spring. Two methods of feeding are practiced: with gas and solid mineral fertilizers. In the first case, the feeding stage (one must add magnesium sulfate) is divided into three times according to the tillering, internode and flag leaf phases. In the second case, fertilization is divided into two stages: first, two-thirds of the fertilizer is given, and then what remains of the total volume. Better to use ammonium nitrate, which will give a quick start to growth and development.
2. Sulfur. It is important for increasing the baking qualities of winter wheat and the abundance of the harvest.It is introduced into the soil during the period of gaining vegetative mass. In the early stages of development, wheat has enough sulfur, which is in the natural content of the soil. Some agronomists use ammonium sulfate and slake it with lime. If there is not enough potassium in the soil, you must include it in the top dressing. In this case, they are guided by the region and climatic features.
3. Phosphorus. They are added either to the bulk of fertilizers or when sowing. The element increases winter hardiness and helps the plant absorb the necessary nutrients. Phosphorus is beneficial for root development and is important for the successful growing season. Agrotechnical analysis for its content is required in the fall.

The diet of winter wheat must be balanced to meet all its macro- and micronutrient needs.

Yield characteristic

In the harsh conditions of the Russian winter, it is important to create conditions for the full development of the wheat root system. In spring, the plant is filled with moisture reserves and grows at an accelerated rate. For this reason, the yield of winter crops is several times higher than that of spring varieties. The Nemchinovites plan to increase the area sowing up to 200 hectares by sowing mainly winter varieties.

On the experimental fields of "Nemchinovka" the initial maximum yield of Moskovskaya 40 wheat was up to 15 t / ha, which is twice the rate of the best indicators in the world. The variety is resistant to adverse weather conditions and dangerous diseases.

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Conclusion

Wheat Moskovskaya 40 is getting more and more positive feedback from agricultural practitioners in the central region. It is in demand in the market due to its excellent characteristics in nature (grain volume), flour strength and high protein content. But despite all the positive characteristics of Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovka scientists continue to cross varieties so that the stems become even shorter and the ear more abundant.