An early Moldovan grape variety Codreanca with large, tasty berries

The early Moldovan grape variety Codreanka is known in many countries. In Italy, it is grown under the name Black magic. Dark, almost black oblong berries with a harmonious content of sugar and acid leave few people indifferent. High productivity and unpretentiousness to cultivation conditions make the variety popular among winegrowers in the southern, northern and central regions of Russia.

The history of the origin of the Kodryanka variety

Ultra-early ripe grapes Codryanka - a variety of table purposes. It was bred in 1985 by crossing Marshalsky and Moldova varieties at the Moldavian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. At home, he received permission to grow in 1992 and since then it has been distributed in many countries of the world.

Italian winegrowers have acquired a patent for the cultivation and propagation of Codryanka called Black magic.

The variety was included in the State Register of Russia in 1997. The culture received permission to grow in the Lower Volga and North Caucasus regions. Codrianka gained popularity among amateur winegrowers, which significantly expanded its area of ​​distribution.

The photo shows grapes of the Codryanka variety.

Characteristics and description of the plant

The Moldovan variety Codreanka is endowed with the following characteristics:

1. Ultra-early ripening period - 116-120 days.
2. Great vigor of the bushes. The vine fully ripens and does not need an autumn pinch to stimulate the process.
3. Fruiting occurs 2-3 years after planting.
4. Leaves are medium in size, rounded, slightly dissected, three-lobed, light green in color. The apex is slightly reticulate, wrinkled. The back of the leaf is covered with easily abraded cobweb pubescence. The lateral notches are deep, the lower ones are almost invisible. Saw teeth.
5. The flowers are bisexual, pollinated independently.
6. The variety is prone to peas due to late flowering and incomplete self-pollination. Some of the berries remain underdeveloped and contain no seeds. However, small berries taste sweeter than large ones.
7. The brushes are large, conical or cylindro-conical in shape. Average weight - 400-600 g, maximum - 1 kg. The bunches are loose, the berries are not squeezed, do not rot.
8. The comb is medium, strong, green in color. As the berries ripen, it turns yellow-brown.
9. The peduncle is thin, long, strong. Ripe berries do not fall to the ground.
10. The berries are large, oval-oblong in shape, with a pointed tip. Size - 30x20 mm, weight - 6-10 g.
11. The color of the berries is dark purple. The skin is firm, thin, with a waxy coating.
12. The pulp is juicy, fleshy. The taste is harmonious, simple. The tasting score is 9.1 on a ten-point scale.
13. Number of seeds - 1-2 pcs., Soft structure, when eating are not felt.
14. Productivity - 120-130 kg / ha. Fruitful shoots on one bush 72%. The number of brushes per developed shoot is 0.8, per fruitful - 1.2.
15. Sugar accumulates in berries early, so even partially ripe berries taste sweet. The sugar content of the grapes is 15-17%, the acidity is 5.5-6.5 g / l.

Sustainability

The variety is distinguished by its genetic resistance to phylloxera. The grapes are not prone to infection by mildew and mildew fungi.

Frost resistance of the culture is high - up to -22 ° С.In the south, grapes are grown without shelter for the winter; in the middle lane, one cannot do without it.

Advantages and disadvantages

Variety advantages:

• ultra early maturity;
• dark color of berries competes with other varieties;
• pleasant taste;
• high productivity;
• transportability;
• unpretentiousness to growing conditions and soil composition;
• improved taste when cultivated on rocky ground;
• resistance to fungal diseases;
• suitable for wine production.

Disadvantages:

• bushes need shelter for the winter when grown in regions with cold winters;
• the tendency of berries to peas;
• the need to standardize inflorescences;
• cracking of the peel in high humidity conditions;
• death of the vine as a result of fogging.

Growing technology

For early harvest, use the method of planting seedlings or cuttings. For better survival, the latter are soaked in melt water for 24 hours and treated with growth stimulants ("Epin", "Kornevin").

Planting is carried out in the direction from south to north in early spring before budding or in late autumn before the onset of the first frosts.

The optimum age for seedlings with a developed root system is 1 year. There should be no damage to the bark. The roots should be light in color, without dark spots or signs of rot.

The site for planting is chosen from the sunny side, with a low occurrence of groundwater. The depth of the planting pit is 80 cm, the width is 80 cm. A space of at least 6 m is allocated for one bush. This ensures sufficient ventilation of the vine and reduces the risk of developing fungal diseases.

The bottom of the pit is lined with broken brick or crushed stone, filled with fertile soil mixed with 300 g of humus, 300 g of superphosphate and 300 g of potassium salt. A layer of clean earth is poured on top so as not to burn the roots, and seedlings are planted. The roots are gently straightened and completely covered with soil. A wooden support for the garter is driven in next to the seedling. For each bush, use 20 liters of water for watering after planting. Then the soil is mulched with humus, peat or straw.

Graft

The Kodrianka variety is suitable for planting by grafting. The stalk is grafted in the spring before the start of sap flow. In the summer, cuttings with blossoming buds are grafted, and in the fall - with full leaves.

The stalk is taken from the donor bush: cut with a sharp instrument, placed in a jar of water until the roots appear, then dipped in a growth stimulator.

The site of inoculation is cleaned with a knife and split in half. A handle is inserted into the recess with the roots down. The vaccination site is wrapped with cotton cloth or coated with clay. Before wintering, the grafted bush is spud or covered with polyethylene.

For better ripening of the stock, all stepsons and leaves are removed, at the end of summer, pinch the top, only potassium and phosphorus are used as top dressing, without nitrogen.

Reference. A sign of rootstock survival is the maturation of 6-7 buds. This means that the first harvest will ripen next year.

Further care

The Kodryanka variety is undemanding to the soil and the place of cultivation. It gives a large harvest on rocky soils, and the taste of the berries only improves.

The climatic zone affects only the bush management system. In the south, grapes are cultivated on a stem, in the north, they practice a covering without a stem.

The feeding area of ​​the bush is 3-3.5 m². The load on one bush is 45-50 eyes. Length trimming fruit shoots - 4-6 eyes.

The culture gratefully responds to the rationing of inflorescences, early pinching and pruning of shoots. These procedures have a positive effect on the quality of the crop.

Pruning

The first 2-3 years after planting, pruning of bushes is not carried out... Removal of one-year unripe shoots is allowed in autumn. Further, the bushes are formed to correct the direction of growth, leaving 7-9 eyes. It is important to carry out all procedures in the fall - in the spring the vine gives off a lot of juice and may die.

Watering

Codryanka does not tolerate drought well and needs moderate watering.Abundant watering is provided at the beginning of the growth and development of seedlings. Water consumption for each young bush is 20-30 liters. As the plant grows, the amount of water is doubled. The ground around the bush should be moist, but you should not plant a swamp either.

Mulching the soil in spring and autumn will help to reduce the frequency of watering and loosening. In the summer it is not carried out to prevent the roots from fogging up.

Top dressing

Top dressing of young bushes is not carried out if a sufficient amount of nutrient compositions is applied during planting. In the future, the grapes are fed once a year. To do this, use a mixture of humus with microbiological fertilizers marked "EM" ("Baikal-EM 1", "Shining", "Ecoberin", "Vostok").

Reference. EM drugs are drugs with so-called effective microorganisms. They increase soil fertility, inhibit the growth of pathogens, enhance photosynthesis, plant growth and root formation. The composition includes nitrogen-fixing and photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and fermenting fungi, actinomycete bacteria.

To improve the quality of the harvest, increase productivity, size of berries, reduce the number of seeds and prevent peas, drugs with growth hormone gibberellin are used: Gibberross, Bud, Ovary, Blossom, Gibbersib. For 100 ml of alcohol, take 1 g of powder, mix and add 5 ml per 1 liter of water. The ready-made solution is used immediately - it quickly loses its properties, therefore it is not stored.

The treatment of grapes with growth hormone is carried out after 50% of the flowers bloom, at a temperature of + 15 ... + 26 ° C.

The best result, according to winegrowers, is the dipping of the inflorescences in the solution. This allows for the ripening of large seeds without seeds.

Potential problems, diseases and pests

With a rapid decrease in acidity, the berries become edible before full ripeness, but their taste will be somewhat bland. A similar problem arises when growing Codreanca in regions with short summers and insufficient sunny days. The berries ripened in the shade have a grassy, ​​faded taste. This is due to the short growing season. Therefore, the plant needs bright sunlight and warmth to get a full-ripe, sweet harvest.

To eliminate peas, clonal selection and additional pollination are used. One of the most common clones is Kodryanka-218. It is endowed with the basic characteristics of the original, but it differs in larger brushes and berries, and a dark skin color. The taste has a slight astringency and subtle honey notes.

The complex resistance of grapes to fungal infections makes it possible to dispense with preventive treatments with Bordeaux liquid and Ridomil.

It is known that in unfavorable years grapes get sick with anthracnose (dark spots on leaves and berries) and gray rot (gray-brown bloom on shoots and berries). For the treatment of anthracnose "Acrobat" and "Anthracol" are used, gray rot - "Thanos", "Horus" and "Strobi".

To protect the crop from the attacks of wasps, each bunch is placed in a fine mesh or fabric bag.

To get rid of the grape itch that affects the leaves, drugs "Omayt", "Neoron", "Sunmayt" help.

Caterpillars feed on flowers and berries, destroying up to 40% of the crop. Gray rot develops on damaged berries. Insecticides "Zolon", "Fury", "Talstar", "Engio 247" and biological products "Fitoverm", "Lepidocid", "Aktofit", "Bitoksibacillin" are used to destroy the pest.

Wintering

Kodryanka hibernates without shelter only in the south of Russia. In the central regions (Moscow region) and in Siberia, bushes are covered with spruce branches, reeds, straw mats and polyethylene, a shelter is built from slate sheets, leaving ventilation ducts. The roots are covered with soil taken from other beds to prevent the spread of infections.

Features of cultivation depending on the region

The Codryanka variety is popular not only among winegrowers in the southern regions, but also in the Center, Siberia, and the Urals... The technology of cultivating crops in temperate and cold climates practically does not differ from cultivation in the south.

The differences concern only the rules for pruning the vine. 3-4 eyes are left on the upper part. If you leave more, the berries will grow small. The taste will not change, but the risk of fungal infection will increase. The thickening of the bush results in the bunches rotting.

Preventive spraying of plantings is carried out twice a season - in spring and late autumn.

Reproduction

The grapes are propagated by cuttings. Cuttings are cut at the beginning of March until the moment of active sap flow and placed in water for rooting, and then placed in a solution of "Humate" for 2-3 days. Planting cuttings is no different from planting seedlings. The first crop is harvested a year later than after planting with seedlings.

Harvesting and application of the crop

Harvesting grapes Codreanca is carried out in August or early September, depending on the cultivation area. The bunches are put in boxes and taken to storage in the cellar. At a temperature of + 2 ... + 4 ° C grapes are stored for 3-4 months.

The variety is versatile and suitable for fresh consumption, juicing, compote, jelly, jam and wine.

Winegrowers reviews

Reviews of the Kodryanka grape are mostly positive. Winegrowers are pleased with the unpretentiousness of care, presentation, high productivity and pleasant taste of berries.

Evgeniy, Krasnodar: “I have been growing Codryanka for a long time. The bushes are vigorous, grow in breadth, therefore, require a sparse planting. Rationing of inflorescences helps to achieve earlier ripening and relieves the vine. The taste of the grapes is excellent, the skin is almost black, there are few seeds, they are soft, practically not felt. "

Inga, Yegoryevsk: “Four years ago I bought seedlings in the nursery. The first harvest was received in 2 years. For the winter, I cover the bushes with foil and slate so that they do not freeze. The bunches ripen in early September, but they can hang for another two weeks without picking up. This is not reflected in the taste. We eat fresh grapes and make compotes for the winter. "

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Conclusion

The Codreanca variety is a cultivated table grape of Moldovan selection with dark berries pleasant to the taste. The main advantages of the variety: high productivity, unpretentiousness to growing conditions and soil composition, resistance to fungal diseases, frost resistance.

The tendency to peas is considered a disadvantage, but HGH treatment helps eliminate the problem. In regions with cold winters, bushes require shelter with ventilation vents to prevent the root system from rotting.