The best grape varieties for the Moscow region: characteristics and descriptions, tips for choosing
With proper care, grapes near Moscow grow large and juicy, and the taste is not inferior to southern ones. Technical varieties are used for the preparation of wines, champagne, juice, canteens - for fresh consumption and preparation for the winter. To get a rich harvest, it is important to choose the right variety, prepare the planting site and properly care for the plant.
Which is better to plant grapes in the Moscow region and what recommendations to follow, we will consider further.
The content of the article
Requirements for grape varieties in the Moscow region
The Moscow region is characterized by spring frosts and sudden changes in weather, so the grapes must be frost-resistant. The recommended threshold is up to -30 ° С. Grapes love light and warmth, so in the Moscow region there is a risk that the shoots will freeze. Plants with low frost resistance do not bear fruit well, the clusters grow small and fresh.
Due to sudden changes in weather, the risk of developing fungal and viral diseases increases, so it is recommended to plant grapes with strong immunity. Such varieties are rarely affected by powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, which has a positive effect on productivity.
Attention! Before buying a seedling, it is advisable to study reviews on the Internet, see photos of adult plants or a video about a particular variety.
The grapes must quickly adapt to growing conditions. Otherwise, the plant will not take root well in the soil and will not receive nutrients from the ground. All this leads to a decrease in yield and poor fruit set.
Top best
When choosing grapes, pay attention to the height and spreading of the bushes, the length of the vines, the weight of berries and bunches, and the color. We will compose the top of the best grape varieties for the Moscow region, find out the advantages and disadvantages of each plant.
Buffalo
The ripening period is medium early, the harvest is harvested in early September. The vines are long, with green medium leaves, there is strong pubescence on the plates. Small bisexual flowers. Conical clusters are loose, the weight of one varies from 200 to 500 g. Berries are oval-round blue-black, with a waxy bloom. Fruit weight - about 4 g, the flesh is dense and juicy, the taste is sweet, with a berry aroma. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and processing.
Buffalo is winter-hardy, withstands temperatures as low as -30 ° C, rarely affected by mildew and gray rot. It is planted not only for obtaining berries, but also for beauty: vigorous bushes with branchy lianas decorate gazebos, terraces, country buildings.
Aleshenkin's gift
Table early grade Aleshenkin popular in all regions of the country. Shrub of medium height, glossy emerald leaves. The flowers are bisexual, the culture does not need pollinating insects. The bunches are large, wide-conical, the weight of one reaches 600 g. Berries are oval, light green, weigh about 3-5 g. The skin is thin, but strong, with a waxy coating. The pulp is tender and juicy, pleasant to the taste. Frost resistance - down to -26 ° C, some gardeners plant bushes in unheated greenhouses to protect them from frost. The purpose of the variety is universal: the fruits are suitable for transportation, processing, storage.
Victoria
The Victoria variety can withstand temperature drops down to -27 ° С, and is successfully grown by breeders in the south, north and middle zone of the country.The bushes are medium- or low-growing, do not take up much space on the site. Leaves are dark green, medium, straight shoots grow quickly. The bunches are conical, the density is average, the ripening period is about 4 months. The berries are oval and dense, weight - 5 g. The color is red-crimson, shines through in the sun. The pulp is crispy, the taste is sweet and harmonious. The skin is thin, the aroma is nutmeg. To prevent the berries from cracking, it is not recommended to overmoisten the soil.
Attention! Among the disadvantages of the variety, a weak immunity to insect pests, especially wasps, is noted. For plant protection use drugs "Aktara" or "Fastak". It is important to read the dosage and protective measures before use.
Jupiter
Jupiter ripens very early, harvested in early or mid-August. Seedless fruits can stay on the bushes for 3-4 weeks without losing their taste and marketability. Bunches are cylindrical-conical winged and loose, weighing 200-300 g. Berries are oval-round, blue-violet color. The peel is firm, with a waxy coating, the pulp with a high sugar content, harmonious and aromatic. Jupiter bears fruit steadily in cool, humid weather. To increase yields, a short pruning is carried out once a year. The harvest is suitable for drying, fresh consumption, making wine.
The variety is resistant to mildew, powdery mildew and gray rot, rarely damaged by wasps, aphids and spider mites. The firm skin and waxy coating protects the fruit from cracking.
Alpha
The technical frost-resistant grapes Alpha is used for making dry and sweet wine. The ripening period is average, the harvest is harvested at the end of August. The bushes are medium-sized, the vines are long and strong, the leaves are dark green. The bunches are cylindrical, with a small wing, of medium density, weighing 300 g. The color of the fruits is black-violet, with a blue tint. Alpha's taste is sweet, with a slight sourness and nutmeg aftertaste. The skin is medium density, the aroma is pronounced. The culture is grown for processing berries and decorating the garden area. Immunity to diseases and insects is above average.
Phenomenon
The ripening period of the table variety is about 120 days. The plant is unpretentious in cultivation, the seedlings quickly adapt to climatic conditions. Bushes are tall, leaves are large matte dark green. The flowers are bisexual. The shape of the bunches is cylindrical-conical, the density is average. Berries are oval yellow-green, with a golden sheen. The average weight of a bunch is 450 g, the weight of a berry is 5–7 g. The skin is firm, but it is not felt when used with grapes. The taste is pleasant, harmonious, with a refreshing taste and aroma. The grapes are suitable for all types of processing, after ripening they do not crumble or crack.
Attention! The phenomenon is not affected by mildew, rarely suffers from gray rot. To increase yields and strengthen immunity, it is recommended to plant the plant in spacious and well-heated areas. In the shade or partial shade, the culture does not bear fruit well.
Valiant
The juicy Valiant grapes came to Russia from the USA. The ripening period is medium early, fruiting occurs in the second decade of August and lasts until the end of September. The bushes are medium-sized, the foliage is dense. The bunches are small, the average weight is 150 g. The berries are small, black-blue in color, the flesh is dense, with a large stone. The taste is interesting strawberry, with a smack of the famous Isabella wine. Berries are suitable for transportation and processing - desserts and drinks are prepared from Valiant. The vines are beautiful and long, suitable for decorating a gazebo. In cultivation, the variety is simple, does not require shelter for the winter. Immunity is high.
Helios
The Helios variety is early maturing, universal in application. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are light green large. There is slight pubescence on the plates. Bunches are large, conical, average weight - 500 g. Fleshy oval berries, with a dense skin and juicy pulp. The taste is pleasant sweet, colorless juice. The fruits are used for fresh consumption and processing.They are used for transportation, storage and sale. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, does not require special skills in cultivation.
Lyubava
Super early table variety. Differs in strong immunity to diseases and pests, unpretentiousness, frost resistance up to -28 ° C. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large and wrinkled, the flowers are bisexual. Bunches are conical or conical-cylindrical, depending on growing conditions.
Berries are oval, white, transparent. The pulp is very tasty and juicy, with a nutmeg aroma. the juice is colorless, the seeds are small, the skin is of medium density. Juices and cocktails, marshmallows and marmalade, preserves and compotes are prepared from table grapes.
The best early-maturing, mid-maturing, late-maturing varieties
Early grape varieties ripen by mid or late August, middle ones by mid September, late ones by early October. From early cultures, Skuin's Dream is popular. The variety is versatile in use, easy to grow, frost-resistant. The berries are red-black, the yield is up to 4 kg per bush.
- The early Muscat grapes are distinguished. It is ultra-early, the berries are yellow-green, with a pleasant nutmeg aroma. The bunches are large, up to 500 g.
- From mid-season gardeners celebrate the varieties Pamyati Strelyaeva and Gift of TSKHA. The first belongs to the dining room, the weight of the bunch is 240 g, the shape is conical. The plant does not suffer from fungal diseases, the berries are dense and juicy, the taste is sweet. The gift from TSKHA is distinguished by medium-sized bushes with beautiful curved vines and light green fruits with a pleasant pineapple aroma. The crop is eaten fresh or processed, the juicy pulp is good in any form.
- Late grade Rubin Azos drought-resistant, berries grow dark blue, average weight - 2 g. The skin is dense, the flesh is juicy. The bunches are branchy and loose, the average weight is 240 g. The culture has a strong immunity, the fruits are universal in use. The late-ripening grapes Andreevsky stand out: the weight of the bunch is 180 g, the berries are round blue. The taste is pleasant, the juice is wine-red. The pulp is tender, slightly cartilaginous.
Technical and canteens
- A technical variety Ermak is grown in the Moscow region- early maturing, with large leaves and cylindrical clusters. Rounded blue-black berries. The juice is colorless, the seeds are small. Grapes are used to make dry wine. The technical grade Zelenolugsky ruby is popular. The bushes are vigorous, with large leaves, the weight of a loose bunch is 200-300 g. The berries are round and black, resistant to viral and fungal diseases, do not crack. The pulp is dense, juicy, the juice is reddish. The variety is early ripe, harvested in the second decade of August. They are mainly used for processing.
- Of the table varieties, the Cocktail and Nizina grapes are distinguished. The cocktail is super early ripe, the berries are small and ovoid, yellow-green in color. Berry-fruit flavor, colorless juice. Nizin table grapes are distinguished by large clusters weighing up to 700 g, dark purple berries and juicy pulp. The variety is transportable, rarely damaged by pests.
White, dark, pink
- A popular white grape variety for the Moscow region is Stremennaya. Bushes are medium-sized, leaves with bristly pubescence. The berries are small, oval, white. The purpose is universal, the crop does not crack during transportation. The clusters are medium conical. The berries have a harmonious taste, the flesh is gristly. Another common white grape is Chrysolite. Bunch weight - 600 g, berries are medium white and yellow.
- Of the dark varieties, the grape Gift Nesvetaya is distinguished. Vigorous bushes, bisexual flowers. The berries are round-oval dark purple. The pulp is fleshy, the taste is nutmeg. The juice is pink, the skin is firm. The weight of the bunch is 700 g, the weight of the fruit is about 5 g. The Pamyat Dombkovskaya variety is popular - the berries are round, weigh about 4 g, and the color is black. The bunches are cylindrical-conical, weigh about 370 g.
- The pink variety Transformation is appreciated for its immunity and rapid growth of shoots. Berries are large cylindrical, weight - 10-11 g. Color is pink, the pulp is juicy, with a nutmeg aftertaste. The juice is colorless. Harvest is used for processing and fresh consumption. Another well-known variety is the Anniversary of Novocherkassk. The bunches are large, weighing 1000-1500 g. The pulp is fleshy, there is no aftertaste, the juice is colorless.
Read also:
Kesha grape hybrid - description and characteristics
How to choose a grape variety for the Moscow region
When choosing a variety, it is important to pay attention to frost resistance, immunity to diseases and pests, and growing requirements. For transportation, choose plants with large berries and a strong skin with a waxy coating, for fresh consumption - fruits with a thin skin and small seeds.
Attention! Winegrowers grow frost-resistant crops in open ground and greenhouses. Some shade-tolerant varieties are planted in partial shade. This method is suitable for warm, temperate areas.
For the production of wine, technical varieties are used; table berries are used for drying or eaten fresh.
Conclusion
How to plant and grow grapes in the Moscow region correctly? First, choose the variety that is most suitable for the region. Phenomenon, Alpha, Jupiter, Victoria, Aleshenkin's gift are popular with summer residents. They are non-covering and frost-resistant, rarely get sick. Before planting, it is recommended to study the description of the plants, pay attention to the ripening time, taste and color of the fruits. Some crops are suitable for winemaking, others for fresh consumption or transportation.