A young, but gaining popularity among gardeners variety of cherries Revna
Cherry Revna is known to gardeners due to its unpretentious care, resistance to fungal diseases and excellent frost resistance. Delicious fruits with juicy pulp are popular with both adults and children. Let's consider how to grow this variety, what features and advantages it has.
The content of the article
Description of the variety
Jealous is a mid-late dessert winter hardy cherry varieties. From flowering to fruit ripening, 2.5 months pass.
The berries ripen in late June - early July. The average yield per hectare is 73 centners, the maximum recorded is 112 centners / ha. Up to 25 kg of fruits are obtained from the tree per season.
History of origin and distribution
Attempts by breeders Kanshina M.V. and Astakhov A.I. to bring out a frost-resistant sweet cherry variety led to the appearance of Revna. The variety Bryanskaya rozovaya served as the genetic material.
On the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin in 1993, tests were carried out. In 1994, Revna was entered into the Unified State Register of the Russian Federation for the Central Region.
On a note! The name of the variety comes from the river of the same name, which flows near Bryansk.
Characteristics of trees
The tree grows medium in height, up to 3 m. The crown is pyramidal in shape, of medium density. The branches grow rapidly at a steep angle from the trunk.
Other characteristics:
- leaves are dark green, large, broad ovoid, there are jagged edges;
- the buds on the branches are large, during the period of vegetative growth they acquire an ovoid shape;
- inflorescence of 4 white flowers, saucer-shaped petals, located freely.
The first fruits appear 4 years after planting.
Resistant to temperatures
The main purpose of the variety is to withstand frosts down to -25 ... -30 ° С, with which it successfully copes. Recommended for disembarkation in the northern, central and southern regions.
In spring, during flowering, it can withstand a drop in temperature to -3 ... -5 ° C. Cherry Revna is not afraid of heat up to + 25 ° C, but at values higher, the leaves get sunburn.
Moisture and drought resistance
The variety is resistant to short-term drought, but during the period of fruit setting and ripening it requires abundant watering once every 5–7 days.
Cherry does not like swampy, highly waterlogged areas - in such conditions, tree growth is inhibited.
Disease and pest resistance
Cherry Revna is immune to fungal diseases, including coccomycosis and moniliosis. Of the pests, the tree is affected by aphids, cherry fly, moth, weevil larvae.
Description of berries
The berries are sweet, fleshy inside, round, of medium size, weighing 5–7 g. The color is maroon, overripe fruits are black. Ripe berries do not crack and withstand transportation due to their strong skin.
Areas of use
Sweet cherries are eaten fresh, frozen, compotes and jams are made from it. Wine is made from berries at home, as the sugar content in fruits reaches 13%.
Reference. Beekeepers locate apiaries near orchards with Revna, which is distinguished by high honey productivity (up to 30 kg of honey from a bee colony).
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantages of culture:
- fleshy sweet fruits;
- the bone is easily separated from the pulp;
- resistance to temperature extremes and frost;
- the crop suffers transportation;
- immunity to fungal diseases.
The main inconvenience in growing a variety is its inability to self-pollinate, therefore pollinating trees are planted nearby. Late fruiting is also noted as a disadvantage in comparison with other varieties.
Growing technology
Plants are best planted in groups so that other trees do not cover them and allow cross-pollination.
Terms and rules of landing
Landing carried out in early spring, when the soil has just thawed, and the buds on the branches have not yet swollen.
During this period, the young tree is dormant and will painlessly undergo transplantation.
When choosing a seedling, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- the root system is well developed;
- seedling height - up to 1 m;
- roots are not withered;
- barrel without mechanical damage.
If there is no vaccination site, the wild will grow. For planting, take both an annual and a two-year-old seedling.
Optimal conditions:
- open plot of land with abundant sunshine;
- suitable soil - fertile chernozem with neutral acidity, loamy and sandy soil;
- groundwater should not approach the surface of the earth closer than 2 m;
- fences or buildings are at least 2.5 m.
The most successful solution for the neighborhood is to plant other varieties of cherries nearby. They do not conflict with each other and will be well pollinated.
Other crops are also grown nearby:
- trees and shrubs: cherry, black elderberry (the latter prevents the appearance of aphids);
- flowers: nasturtium, primrose, thyme.
Unsuitable neighbors - apple, plum, pear. They prevent pollination. It is undesirable to plant nearby nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes).
Compliance with the rules and technology of planting is a guarantee that the seedling will take root and will bear fruit:
- A hole is dug in the fall. The depth is 0.5–0.8 m, the distance between the planting pits is at least 3 m. If the soil is acidic, the soil is lime.
- Closer to the center of the pit, a support stake up to 1.5 m high is driven in, which subsequently fixes the seedling.
- A hill of fertilized soil is poured into the center, a seedling is placed on top.
- The roots are gently straightened, sprinkled with soil and lightly tamped. The root collar of the seedling should be flush with the ground.
- Water the plant abundantly (3-4 buckets of water) and wait for the liquid to be completely absorbed.
- The pit is filled up with a mixture of the remaining soil, humus and peat.
- Tie the trunk to the support.
The soil from the dug hole is not thrown away, but mixed with rotted compost, superphosphate is added (at the rate of 200 g per hole) and poured when planting a tree.
Further care
In the absence of rain for a long time, the tree is moistened once every 10-14 days. If there is enough rainfall, the frequency of watering is reduced to 3-4 times per season. For convenience, an earthen wall is made around the trunk so that water flows directly to the roots.
On a note! The radius of the earth wall is equal to the radius of the crown circle.
In the third year after planting, humus or other top dressing is applied:
- in the spring - mineral fertilizers (20 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 m²);
- in summer - potassium monophosphate.
In the fall, they dig up the soil around the trunk.
Pruning and crown shaping are important for the tree. The first 3-5 years carry out formative pruning:
- bushy;
- flattened;
- tiered.
Sanitary pruning is carried out as needed: dry, diseased, weak or broken branches are removed.
Every spring the trunk of Revna is whitewashed. To do this, use a ready-made mixture purchased at a gardening store, or make it yourself from:
- slaked lime - 3 kg;
- copper sulfate - 0.5 kg;
- water - 10 liters.
Possible problems, diseases, pests
Cherry Revna is resistant to diseases, but with excessive watering, lack or excess of fertilizers, there are:
- Clasterosporiosis, or perforated spot... Brown spots appear on the leaves, which rot and form holes. The affected parts of the plant are cut off and burned. For prevention, the tree is treated with Bordeaux liquid.
- Mosaic disease: Leaves are covered with yellow stripes, curl up, turn red and fall off. They are cut off and burned. Bordeaux liquid is used for prevention.
- Gommoz: amber viscous drops appear on the trunk, people say that “the tree is crying”. As a result of the disease, cherries die. The wounds are cleaned, treated with a 3% solution of potassium permanganate and sprayed with Bordeaux liquid.
- Coccomycosis: red-brown spots are formed on the leaves, which subsequently dry out and fall off. For treatment, use a solution of "Horus" (3 g per 10 liters of water), "Topsin-M" (10 g per 10 liters of water).
The main pests of sweet cherries that feed on fruits and leaves are aphids, cherry fly, moth, weevil larvae, moth. To combat them, chemical agents are used: "Decis", "Inta-Vir", "Karbofos".
Birds also harm the crop. To protect the berries from them, shiny, rustling objects are hung on the branches: foil, thick polyethylene, old CDs, home-made turntables.
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Wintering
Despite the good tolerance to cold weather, cherries are prepared for wintering:
- treat the lower part of the trunk with garden whitewash, which is not washed off by rain or snow;
- wrap the trunk and lower branches with an air-permeable covering material (spunbond, agril);
- from field rodents, install a net around the trunk;
- spud the tree with earth, foliage, snow.
In warm regions, where the air temperature in winter drops to -2 ... -5 ° C, the trunk is not wrapped with covering material - condensation forms inside, which is detrimental to the tree.
In cold regions in late autumn, when the temperature drops to 0 ° C, a frame in the form of a pyramid of wooden slats or reinforcement is installed around the tree. The structure is wrapped in several layers of covering material and tied with a rope. The bottom edge is sprinkled with earth or pressed down with bricks. With the onset of the thaw, the shelter is removed.
Reproduction
Jealous is propagated by cuttings and grafting. Young trees (up to 10 years old) are used for grafting: cherry, plum, another frost-resistant cherry variety.
How is the vaccine done:
- In mid-April, when the plant has active sap flow, a 30–40 cm long stalk with two or more live buds is taken.
- Cut into the rootstock bark, apply a scion cut, press well.
- The joint is closed with incised bark, coated with garden varnish and wrapped in a thick cloth or tape.
Cuttings are carried out in June. For this, young cuttings 30 cm long are harvested. Cuts are made from above and below the shoot, all leaves are removed. A solution of a growth stimulator (for example, "Heteroauxin") is added to the water and cuttings are placed in it for 2-3 hours.
At the landing site, they dig up the soil, remove weeds and make holes. A mixture of peat and sand is placed on the bottom, mineral fertilizers are applied, watered and cuttings are planted. In order for them to take root, they create a mini greenhouse made of plastic wrap. Water it daily to keep the soil slightly moist. After 3–6 weeks, when the cuttings take root, the film is removed.
Features of cultivation depending on the region
When planting, Revna takes into account the area of residence:
- In the middle lane, the cherry blossoms in mid-May. In the southern regions, the flowering period is mid-April.
- Inhabitants of warm southern regions plant plants in spring and autumn, in the north - only in spring, before the onset of sap flow and bud swelling.
- In the south, it is not required to insulate the tree with a covering material, since it tolerates frosts well down to -5 ° C. In the northern latitudes, they wrap up the trunk, huddle up, build a shelter.
Pollinating varieties
Jealous is not capable of self-pollination. For pollination, other varieties of sweet cherries are planted: Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Rechitsa, Tyutchevka, Compact Venyaminova. Cherry trees are also suitable.
Important! Without pollinators, the sweet cherry yield is only 5%.
Gardeners reviews
Farmers share their experience of growing Revna.
Anna, Belgorod region: “My sister has a Revna cherry growing at her summer cottage. There was a frost down to -30 ° C - they thought it would not survive, but nothing happened. In the summer we have already tasted the berries, very tasty! "
Oleg, Saratov: “I planted Revna cherries five years ago on the advice of a neighbor. I thought it would not take root, but 5 seedlings are already bearing fruit. We enjoy delicious berries, my wife rolls up the compote for the winter. "
Conclusion
Many gardeners fell in love with the Revna variety for its advantages: tasty and juicy fruits, versatile in use, high yield, resistance to cold and diseases. The unpretentiousness of the culture allows you to spend a minimum of time caring for it.