How to protect bushes and how to treat roses in spring from diseases and pests

Red and white, pink and yellow - garden roses will not leave anyone indifferent. Shrubs begin to bloom in spring - gardeners love to watch a small bud grow into a beautiful and fragrant flower. Roses are planted in special flower beds, near gazebos and garden arches, along a fence or a country house.

To prevent the flowers from getting sick, it is important to properly care for them: water and mulch, remove weeds and carry out sanitary pruning. Gardeners pay special attention to preventive measures to protect against diseases and insects.

How and how to treat roses from diseases and pests in spring and autumn, read the article.

Purposes of spring rose treatment

The timing of the spring processing of roses depends on the growing region: in warm areas, the procedure is carried out at the end of winter, in the northern ones - around March 10-15. Shelters are removed from the bushes before the beginning of the growing season, sanitary pruning is carried out. Gardeners remove old shoots, leaving only those that are needed for crown formation.

After the first feeding is carried out with mineral complex fertilizers. They strengthen the plant's immunity, protect against possible diseases and pests, and activate the swelling of the kidneys. It is recommended to use preparations containing nitrogen, potassium, magnesium - "Bona", "Baikal", "Rose". Fertilizers are applied to wet soil: if the winter is dry, the soil is thoroughly watered with warm water before feeding.

It is also recommended to pay attention to fungicides in the spring.- they eliminate microbes and other pathogens that "wake up" after hibernation. For spraying roses, use the fungicide Oxyhom (60 g of the product per 10 l of water) or Kuprolux (25 g per 10 l of water). The preparations prevent the appearance of common diseases - rust, powdery mildew, rot.

The goals of autumn rose processing

In the fall, roses are processed in front of the shelter. The procedure stimulates leaf fall and shoot ripening, prepares the plant for winter. In the northern regions or the middle zone of the country, processing begins in September-October, in the southern regions - from mid-October to November. Most gardeners spray roses with a solution of copper or ferrous sulfate. The procedure is useful in that it creates favorable conditions for the wintering of the plant.

What pests threaten roses

Pests carry pathogens of dangerous diseases or feed on leaves, shoots, flowers. The reasons for the appearance of insects are different: infected soil or seeds, an excess of mineral and organic substances in the soil, weeds and debris in flower beds. For many roses, not only adults, but also insect larvae are dangerous. They are frost-hardy, winter in soil, and multiply rapidly.

Spider mite

The insect is small, colored white, yellow or orange. It lives on the inside of the leaf plate. On roses, a mite appears due to dryness. It feeds on plant sap, which is why a white bloom forms on the leaves, after which they turn yellow, dry and fall off. Spider mites are found not only on garden roses, but also on indoor roses. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to monitor the moisture level in the soil and water the plant in a timely manner.

Rose aphid

The size of the insect does not exceed 0.2 mm, so it is difficult to notice it on plants. Depending on the subspecies, aphids are black, yellow, white, gray, green. Aphids suck sap from plants, which is why the buds are deformed, lose their attractive appearance, and fall off over time. The leaves become thin, wither. To protect shrubs, it is recommended to regularly remove dry leaves and shoots, inspect the plant for the presence of a pest. Once a month, the rose is treated with soapy water (150 g of grated laundry soap is required for 5 liters of water).

Attention! There are no 100% insect resistant varieties. This is nothing more than a publicity stunt for manufacturers. There are only those varieties of roses that with proper care are damaged by insects less often than others. You can find out from the reviews of other florists.

Thrips

Thrips are small and fast black insects. They eat buds and leaves, they are able to destroy most of the flowers. Thrips appear in hot and dry weather, penetrate deep into tissues. The edges of the flowers darken and become thinner, some roses are covered with white or yellow spots. To destroy eggs and adults, gardeners use the drug "HOM" - they carry out preventive and protective treatments of the shrub 2-3 times per season.

Leaf roll

A leafworm is a butterfly 2 cm long, painted yellow-gray. In Russian gardens, it appears in July or August, when the weather is warm or hot. For a rose, the most dangerous leaf rollers are in the caterpillar stage - in the spring the pest damages the buds, buds and leaves. Leafworms appear on roses due to lack of nutrients, acidic soil, warm winter. For protection, gardeners use the drug "Koragen" - roses are sprayed in early spring.

Rose sawfly

The rosaceous sawfly penetrates into young shoots, feeds on the pulp and gnaws through the "passages". Sawfly larvae are frost-resistant, hibernate deep in the ground and rise to the surface with the onset of warmth. Factors conducive to the emergence of a pest - infected plants nearby, rains, lack of vitamins, non-compliance with the rules for planting roses. Autumn digging and processing of the garden helps to prevent the appearance of the sawfly.

What diseases threaten roses

If the causes of diseases are not detected in time, the rose loses its decorative appearance, looks weak and sick. Diseases arise due to improper care, an overabundance or lack of feeding, non-compliance with the rules of pruning and processing.

Bacterial cancer

Bacterial cancer forms on the root collar and roots - mucous lumpy growths appear. At the beginning of infection, they are white, later they turn brown. The reasons are excessive soil moisture, a violation of the acid-base balance, an excess of organic matter. The disease is treated with a solution of copper sulfate - roses are watered in the early morning or evening.

Cytosporosis

Cytosporosis refers to fungal diseases, common among most garden plants. Spores of the fungus are carried by wind or water and develop rapidly in hot and humid summers. Shoots are covered with orange spots, leaf plates and buds crack. For preventive purposes, spraying with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid is used. It is also recommended to regularly remove weeds, trim and shape the crown.

Black spot

Fungal disease affects garden roses in the second half of summer, in the phase of active flowering - the bushes become covered with black and brown spots, the plates acquire a noticeable black edge. The plant weakens, the leaves fall off. They are burned away from the garden, the bushes are treated with a solution of copper sulfate. Preventive treatments with a soap-ash solution help protect the plant from black spot.

Attention! Black spot develops rapidly in high humidity conditions. It is recommended to water the roses in moderation, morning or evening.The soil is preliminarily loosened so that the water does not evaporate from the surface of the earth and penetrates deeper to the roots.

Downy mildew

Downy mildew appears as red-brown spots on the leaves. Cracks appear on the stems, the buds wither and fall off. If the disease is not detected in time, it will destroy the entire flower garden. Downy mildew appears due to a lack of phosphorus and potash fertilizers, humid and hot weather. At the first symptoms, summer residents treat the plants with Topaz or Benomil solutions.

Gray mold

Fungal disease is activated in a cold and humid summer, is more common in central Russia or northern regions. Leaves, buds, buds, stems are covered with a white-gray fluffy bloom.

When affected areas appear, they are removed and burned, and the plants are sprayed with Fundazol. Gray mold spreads quickly and can affect nearby flowers and shrubs. To avoid re-infestation with gray mold, it is advisable to pay attention to the removal of fallen leaves. It is on them that the causative agent of the disease hibernates.

Preparatory activities

Before spring processing of roses, gardeners carry out pruning. First, the weakest shoots are removed, then the shrub is examined and 2-3 strong shoots with healthy buds are selected. The length of the shoot is shortened to these buds, the branches growing inside the bush are removed. The crown should be flat, without protruding and protruding branches. After pruning, the buds that are at the top begin to develop. The procedure prevents the appearance of diseases and pests.

Attention! In the spring, it is important to carry out a general cleaning in the flower beds - to remove and burn all last year's leaves, plant residues, debris and weeds. This is a favorable environment for the development of spores of fungi and dangerous microorganisms.

After harvesting, the soil is mulched - this protects the roots, helps to retain heat and moisture in the soil. Organic mulching components enrich the soil, improve the appearance of the shrub. Decorative mulch (granite, crushed stone, sand, marble chips) and organic (compost, ash, coniferous sawdust, bark) are used as material. It is important to make sure that it does not cover the base of the shrub, but is evenly distributed around it.

What to process

For the treatment of garden roses, chemical, biological, folk remedies are used. The first 2 groups are used mainly for the treatment of plants, folk remedies - for preventive purposes.

Purchased chemicals

It is recommended to apply chemical agents in April, in dry and calm weather, burying them 5-10 cm underground. Chemicals include fungicides and insecticides. They are used with caution, observing the dosage, since an overabundance of chemicals negatively affects the state of the environment, including soil and other plants. For soil treatment, a 4% solution of copper oxychloride or a 2% solution of "Oxychoma" is used. Also gardeners use "Akrexil" and "Isofen" - they prevent the appearance of spider mites.

Attention! It is important to keep your personal safety in mind when using chemicals. The treatment is carried out in a respirator, gloves and goggles. During processing, it is forbidden to drink or eat, children or pets should not be near. Before use, be sure to read the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer.

Biological

Biological methods are used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. To combat diseases and pests, live microorganisms are used, which perform the function of orderlies and eliminate infections and viruses. Also gardeners use "Glyocladin" - he copes with fusarium, gray and white rot, powdery mildew and rust.

Popular drug "Topaz" - it is non-toxic, does not leave stains on roses, is valid for 40 days from the date of treatment. The product is compatible with most biological and chemical components.After digging, add to the top layer of soil Fitosporin - it makes the soil more nutritious.

When using biologics, it is important to remember that many of them have a complex rather than selective effect. That is, some bacteria suppress only certain pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, before use, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the purpose of the drug in detail.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are environmentally friendly and safe both for the environment and for humans. An onion-garlic solution is prepared against pests- 300 g of onion, 300 g of garlic and 400 g of tomato tops are placed in a 3 liter jar and soaked in boiling water for 6 hours. The solution is filtered and added with another 10 l of water, for efficiency add 60 g of grated laundry soap. Roses are sprayed 5 times a week.

Against aphids and thrips, black spot and powdery mildew treatment with salicylic acid or ammonia helps. For preparation, use 25 ml of salicylic acid, 10 ml of ammonia (10%) and 500 ml of warm water. The components are mixed and another 5 L of water is added. The mixture is used immediately after preparation, it is not suitable for storage. The rose is processed 3-4 times per season.

And the treatment of roses with a solution of ferrous sulfate destroys fungal spores and viruses. 1 liter of water requires 3 g of the drug. Plants are sprayed on dry days to prevent the solution from being washed off by rain. Roses are processed not only in spring, but also in autumn before the shelter.

It is interesting:

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Further care

Roses are sensitive to watering: they respond to frequency, intensity, temperature. It is recommended to water the shrubs with melt or rainwater. Plumbing is not used, as it contains mineral salts. In dry weather, roses are moistened 2-3 times a week, about 5 liters of water are consumed for each plant. In rainy weather, the amount of watering is reduced.

Once every 7-10 days, abundant watering is carried out - a groove is dug around the bush at a distance of 10 cm, 10-15 liters of water are poured. After that, the groove is sprinkled with soil and loosened, so the water penetrates deeply to the roots. In late August or early September, watering is stopped, since the land must be dry before winter.

They also pay attention to fertilizers. Phosphorus affects the number and size of buds, so summer residents use fertilizers containing this trace element throughout the season. It is also important not to forget about potassium, nitrogen, calcium, urea and ammonium nitrate. Fertilizers are applied to the near-stem holes, after watering the plant. In spring, chicken droppings or manure are introduced under young roses - organic stimulates flowering. Over the summer, roses are fertilized 2-4 times, alternating organic and mineral fertilizing.

Conclusion

Experienced flower growers know how to spray roses in spring. They use biological, chemical, folk remedies. Solutions of iron or copper sulfate are used against insect pests, fungicides and onion solution are used against diseases. Before spring processing, the crown is formed and cut - old and diseased shoots are removed, and the formation of buds and new buds is stimulated. At the same time, it is important to observe safety rules: if chemicals are used, then use protective glasses and gloves, if biological products, read the manual and observe the proportions.