Classification of potatoes by type

There are about 4,000 different varieties of potatoes in the world. The State Register of Russia includes about 300 varieties that are approved for cultivation in the country. They all differ from each other, so choosing the right one can be difficult. In the article we will give more than 15 names of potatoes with classification by groups and photos.

What are the characteristics of potatoes

It is customary to divide potatoes into categories according to several characteristics.:

• purpose (the ultimate goal for which the crop is grown);
• color (take into account the shade of the peel and pulp);
• ripening terms;
• yield;
• resistance to environmental factors.

Types of potatoes by purpose

Potatoes are divided into varieties by purpose:

1. Canteens... IN tubers contains about 18% starch, as well as beta-carotene, vitamins and other valuable substances. Table potatoes are grown for human consumption.
2. Technical... Such a product is used only for processing in order to obtain starch and alcohol.
3. Fodder... The pulp contains a lot of protein and starch. These vegetables are recommended for animal feeding.
4. Universal... The high content of proteins and starch (16-18%) allows the use of tubers for feeding livestock. Their good flavor profile makes them suitable for culinary purposes.

Table potatoes are divided into several subcategories:

1. AND. The flesh is firm and watery. Mealy is completely absent or minimal. The tubers are not boiled during cooking. The product is used for making salads and okroshka.
2. IN. The pulp is moderately watery, firm and slightly mealy. During heat treatment, it boils down weakly. Best for stir fry and soups.
3. FROM. The flesh is moderately mealy, soft and slightly watery. Suitable for frying, cooking in a uniform, making mashed potatoes.
4. D. This type includes all varieties with tubers of a soft powdery consistency, which are used for making mashed potatoes and baking.

Differences in potato peel and pulp color

The peel of this vegetable can be of several colors.:

• white;
• yellow or light brown;
• red (this shade occurs due to anthocyanins - natural antioxidants that strengthen the walls of blood vessels);
• purple (color intensity directly depends on the concentration of anthocyanins).

The pulp also has different colors:

• white;
• cream or yellow - the darker the shade, the more beta-carotene is present in the vegetable;
• red-violet - are resistant to adverse conditions, for example, cold snaps and droughts.

Classification of potatoes depending on the ripening period

The most important characteristic of potatoes is the ripening period. This is the time interval from the moment of emergence to harvest. According to the ripening period, all existing varieties are divided into several categories.:

• ultra-early (or ultra-early);
• early;
• medium early;
• mid-season;
• late.

Ultra early

The ripening period of such potatoes varies between 35-50 days.... You can get 2 crops per season. The main disadvantage is short storage. From the very early, the most popular were:

1. Alyona... The tubers are characterized by reddish skin and creamy flesh. They are oval in shape, weighing 120-130 g.Due to their good taste, they are suitable for frying and cooking soups, mashed potatoes. Ripen in just 45-47 days. From 1 sq. m with proper care, up to 4 kg are collected.
2. Riviera... The small, rounded tubers of this potato are recognizable by their yellowish brown skin and yellow cut. If all care recommendations are followed, the crop is obtained within 35 days after the emergence of sprouts.
3. Ariel... The variety was bred by Dutch breeders. These are large tubers with light skin and yellow flesh. They contain about 18-19% starch. The growing season is 45-47 days. Up to 450 kg of vegetables can be dug from each hundred square meters of the garden.

Early

Early varieties have a growing season of 50 to 65 days... Russian farmers prefer the following:

1. Karatop - German potato variety. It is distinguished by oval smooth tubers with a minimum number of eyes on a yellowish peel. Each tuber reaches 90-140 g. The light beige pulp has a granular structure, 13% starch in it. Karatop ripens together, about 60 days after germination. Each bush usually produces up to 25 potatoes.
2. Lark... The variety was bred by domestic breeders. The lark is well suited for cultivation in most of Russia. Oval, slightly flattened tubers are covered with a brown skin, under which there is a light flesh. The vegetables are harvested after 50 days. 12-15 tubers are obtained from each bush.
3. Impala... Bred in Holland, this potato has a light skin and a yellowish cut. Its tubers are large (up to 150 g), oval, even, with a minimum number of small eyes. Gardeners often prefer Impala for its excellent taste and quick ripening - harvesting begins in 55 days.

Medium early

In medium early species, the growing season lasts from 65 to 80 days.... Potato variety names:

1. Ryabinushka... The tubers weigh up to 120 g, have yellow flesh and are covered with a pink rind, on which rare reddish eyes are visible. The starch content is average, the taste is high. Ryabinushka is highly regarded as a table variety. You can start harvesting potatoes after 70-80 days.
2. Duckling... Oval, slightly uneven tubers weigh up to 250 g. Under the yellow-brown skin there is a delicate yellow flesh that does not darken during processing. The duckling firmly tolerates arid climate and is immune to late blight, scab, potato crayfish. It matures within 65-70 days.
3. Red Scarlett... The potato originated in Holland, but has become widespread in many countries. One of the advantages is the attractive appearance of the tubers. They are oblong, even, covered with pink skin. The cut shows a creamy flesh. Up to 420 kg are received from a hundred.

Mid-season

These potatoes take longer to ripen, usually 80 to 95 days... Although the harvest takes longer, mid-season varieties offer significant benefits, such as long shelf life, high palatability and good yields. Among them:

1. Hannibal, or Sineglazka... The variety is not included in the State Register, but is loved by gardeners. Received it selectively in the post-war years. Hannibal is excellent for cultivation in most of Russia. Potato tubers weighing up to 200 g are covered with a gray skin with purple eyes. Starch in them is 15%. It is best to use Sineglazka for mashed potatoes and baking.
2. Agatha... Tubers are characterized by medium size (about 110 g), pleasant yellow color of the skin and pulp. The tubers are usually ellipsoidal. Agatha does not require special care and grows in any climate. With good care, after 85 days from 1 sq. m collect up to 240 kg.
3. Hostess... Another mid-season potato variety that is in high demand among Russian farmers. Large reddish oval tubers often reach a mass of 120-180 g. Beige, uniformly colored pulp is visible on the cut. 18-20 tubers are formed under one bush.They ripen within 80-90 days.

Late ripening

There are late varieties of potatoes that take at least 120-140 days to ripen.... The harvest of such vegetables is harvested in August - September:

1. Zdabytak... This potato was received by Belarusian breeders. Its main difference is the increased starch content (about 28%). Large (up to 120 g) tubers are covered with a ruby ​​skin. The inside of the vegetable is colored beige. The crop is harvested 120-130 days after planting. About 15-18 tubers are obtained from 1 bush.
2. Lorch... The variety was bred in Russia. Tubers are oval with gray skin. They weigh 120 g. Inside, the potatoes have a milky-beige color. Lorkh has 20% starch, it has excellent taste and good keeping quality - up to 96%.

Most popular table varieties

Some table potatoes are in high demand due to its excellent taste:

1. Picasso... It is a Dutch variety that has a multi-colored brown skin with purple streaks. The pulp is tasty, does not boil soft, suitable for most types of dishes.
2. Share... Individual tubers weigh about 400 kg. Pai is highly regarded for its tasty pulp and yield up to 380 kg from 100 sq. m.
3. Tuleyevsky... Included in the top ten varieties in the country. It is versatile in use, has high immunity to viral diseases, and is resistant to droughts and frosts.

Types of potatoes depending on the growing region

In the Urals and Siberia sudden changes in temperature are not uncommon. Such conditions are detrimental to many cultivated plants. For this reason, they choose frost-resistant options:

• for an early harvest, the Governor and Lyubava;
• from mid-season, it is worth choosing the varieties Effect, Lukyanovsky, Korona, Caspian.

They grow well in the Leningrad region and the North-West region:

• Krinitsa;
• Dewdrop;
• Eliseevsky;
• Lena;
• Hope;
• Latona.

Most varieties are suitable for the soil in the Black Earth Region. early, mid and late ripening potatoes.

Climate of the Moscow region characterized by high humidity, while the land is considered not the most fertile. In such conditions, they successfully grow:

• Timo Khankkiyan;
• Ramon.

The most resistant varieties

The breeders have also managed to develop a number of potato varieties that are highly resistant to adverse environmental factors such as drought, temperature extremes and frost.

Drought tolerant

In extreme heat conditions, moisture from the soil evaporates extremely quickly. Most crops do not tolerate such conditions well. When choosing a potato variety, special attention should be paid to the following:

• Ramona;
• Volzhanin;
• Rodrigo.

Frost-resistant

If the region does not have a warm climate, it is better to choose frost-resistant varieties for planting.... Otherwise, the crop will not ripen. Experienced farmers recommend these:

• Alyona;
• Baron;
• Red Star;
• Latona;
• Luck;
• Zhukovsky early.

Impervious to changing weather conditions

With temperature drops, preference is given to the following varieties:

• Aspia;
• Nevsky;
• Blue.

The most productive varieties

Often, when choosing a variety of potatoes for planting, they first take into account yield. Maximum quantity of potatoes per 100 sq. m of land are given:

• Luck - about 1400 kg;
• Zhuravinka - up to 640 kg;
• Gala - about 600 kg;
• Idaho - approximately 560 kg;
• Queen Anna - from 480 to 500 kg;
• Favorite - up to 425 kg.

The best seed varieties

It is not possible to compile a list of the best seed varieties, but it is worth highlighting several options that allow you to get the maximum yield while using the minimum amount of planting material:

• Vega;
• Karlena;
• Riviera.

Conclusion

To get a good potato crop, it is important to carefully select the variety. Experienced farmers and gardeners advise you to start your search taking into account the climatic conditions of the region. After that, the requirements for care and yield indicators are compared.