Laura grape variety, included in the top of the most fruitful and delicious

Laura table grape is grown in many regions of Russia. The plant is distinguished by its unpretentiousness to the place of growth and the composition of the soil. The early ripening period allows you to enjoy juicy sweet berries with a nutmeg aftertaste already in mid-August.

Read about the features of growing grapes, planting, pruning and disease control in our article.

History of origin and description of the Laura grape variety

Lora grapes - a table variety, bred in Odessa "NIViV im. VE Tairov ”by crossing the varieties Muscat de Saint-Valier, Muscat Hamburg (a mixture of pollen) and Husayne, Queen Tairovskaya and pollen of Central Asian grape varieties.

The variety has another official name - Florabut known as Laura among amateur winegrowers. The popularity of the variety is due to the successful combination of parental pairs, early ripening, and pleasant taste of the berries. The variety is widespread in Moldova, Ukraine and Russia.

Characteristics and description of the plant

Laura grapes ripen early - from the moment the eyes appear to full ripeness, 110-115 days pass. The vigor of the bushes is above average.

The type of pollination is female, but there are no problems with pollination when planting a number of varieties Kodryanka, Arcadia, Radiant Kishmish. The leaves are five-lobed, dark green in color.

The vine ripens completely. The number of fruitful shoots is 60-80%. On each shoot, 0.9-1.3 bunches ripen on average.

The grape clusters are large, conical, 40-60 cm long, weighing 1 kg. The use of vigorous rootstocks allows to obtain clusters weighing about 3 kg.

The brushes are of medium density, moderately loose. Growth strength and pollination affect the density of the bunches.

The plant enters fruiting 3 years after planting cuttings... The berries are cylindrical or oval, weighing 10-12 g.

The color is white-green, the skin is covered with a waxy bloom. On the sunny side, the berries are covered with a light amber tan. The berries remain on the hands for a long time, do not crumble or crack. The yield is 40 kg per bush.

The pulp is crispy, dense, with a nutmeg flavor. It contains large seeds inside. The taste is pleasant, balanced. Sugar content - 20-22%, acidity - 5-8 g / l. Tasting taste assessment - 8.4 points.

Laura variety is resistant to frost down to -23 ° C, not prone to gray and white rot, mildew. Grapes do not have immunity to fungi causing powdery mildew, and therefore needs preventive treatments.

In the photo - Laura grapes.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of the Laura variety:

• high productivity;
• early maturity;
• pleasant, balanced taste;
• large berries that are not prone to cracking;
• frost resistance;
• unpretentiousness to the place cultivation;
• the possibility of transportation over long distances;
• resistance to major fungal diseases.

Disadvantages:

• the need to normalize the brushes to reduce the load on the bush and improve the taste of berries;
• changes in sugar content and acidity depending on climate and soil fertility.

Growing technology

Laura grapes are grown on almost any type of soil. Clay soils with a high salt content are preferred. It is important to avoid areas with a high groundwater table, and to give preference to sunny places, without drafts, gusty winds and shading.

The variety is propagated by cuttings, which are harvested in the fall. Planting is carried out with prepared seedlings and stock. Grafting makes it possible to get a harvest earlier, the cutting receives more nutrients from the old bush. However, the sapling planting method is more popular due to its simplicity and efficiency.

Preparing cuttings

Ready-made seedlings are purchased from winegrowers or in specialized nurseries, but if you wish, you can prepare them yourself.

Cuttings preparation rules:

1. Cuttings are harvested after the bushes have completely shed their foliage, before the onset of frost.
2. The vine is examined for damage and disease. It should crackle when bent. The color should be uniform, brown, without blotches, the core should be dense, not loose.
3. Cuttings are cut from the branches that have ripened in the current year, from the middle of the vine. They should have 4-6 developed kidneys. The optimum length is 50–70 cm, diameter is 5–7 mm.

Storage rules:

1. The antennae and leaves are completely removed, the cuttings are soaked in warm boiled or melted water for 24 hours.
2. After soaking, the cuttings are disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate (1 tsp per 250 ml of boiling water). Then they are dried in the open air and placed in a tight plastic bag or plastic bottle.
3. Cuttings are placed on the middle shelf of the refrigerator and stored at 0 ... + 4 ° C until spring.
4. The blanks are checked once a month. If mold appears on them, they are washed in a dark solution of potassium permanganate or wiped with a cloth dipped in a solution of copper sulfate (1 tsp. Per 250 ml).

In early spring, the cuttings are checked for viability - a cut is made at the ends. If moisture has come out, it means that they are ready for planting, if not, they are dry. If liquid oozes from the cuttings, this indicates that they have rotted. The cut should be light green. Dark blotches indicate infection.

Shallow grooves are made on each viable cuttings, from the middle to the end, and immersed in clean water at room temperature. It is changed 3-4 times within 24 hours. The cuttings are soaked for 48 hours.

After soaking, they are immersed in a root formation stimulator "Kornevin" or "Heteroauxin" for 30 minutes and placed in a container with wet sawdust. The cuttings are left in a warm place for 10-15 days. After the roots appear, the cuttings are placed in a bottle of water and await the development of a full-fledged root system.

Landing

Landing rules:

1. They are planted in mid-May, when the air warms up to at least +17 ° C.
2. Pits 80x80 cm in size are dug on the site, with an interval of 1.5 m.
3. Broken brick or small crushed stone is placed on the bottom, with a layer of 10 cm.
4. Fertile soil mixed with 1 kg of humus, 200 g of superphosphate, 1 liter of wood ash is poured on top and poured with settled water.
5. A pipe for irrigation is dug in the center of the pit. Then a layer of clean soil without fertilizers is added so that half a meter remains to the edges, and the cutting is placed.
6. The rhizome is carefully straightened, the hole is filled to the brim with fertile soil and watered.

Further care

Laura grapes are watered twice: during the period of bud swelling and at the end of flowering. During the initial flowering period, do not water due to the risk of shedding flowers.

Watering is performed in the evening. Water consumption - 50 l / m2. On sandy or sandy loam soil, the consumption is increased to 75 l / m2. Water is poured into the furrows in the case of a row planting or into circular holes, keeping a distance of 70 cm. Then the soil is loosened to ensure the flow of oxygen to the roots.

Top dressing begins to be applied during the period of swelling of the kidneys. Two pits 0.4 m deep are dug along the inner edges of the hole, and 0.5 liters of nutrient mixture are added: 1 part of chicken droppings, 2 parts of water are diluted in 20 liters of water.

The second feeding is applied simultaneously with the second watering: 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium salt per 10 liters of water.

Foliar dressings are useful for Laura grapes:

1. 3 weeks before flowering (about late May-early June), the bushes are sprayed with a nutrient solution: 5 g of boric acid, 4 g of sodium humate per 10 liters of water.
2. The second foliar dressing is carried out 14 days after flowering: 5 g of boric acid, 4 g of sodium humate, 20 g of potassium magnesium per 10 liters of water.
3. The third foliar dressing is performed at the beginning of grape ripening: 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water.

Pruning bushes spend in the spring. The most versatile option is a fan-shaped stab-free trimmingsuitable for any growing region.

The table shows a typical scheme.

Bunches are normalized in spring. If the bushes are young, they wait until the brushes are formed, and the best ones are selected, the rest are removed. Adult bushes are normalized during the flowering period. So the plant will not waste energy on the development of weak ovaries.

Laura grapes form 35-45 bunches per bush, but leave 23-25 ​​bunches. Experienced growers are advised to leave 1 brush on one vine. If the weight of the bunch exceeds 1.5 kg, all brushes are completely removed from every third shoot.

For full development, grapes are tied to a trellis. To install it, you will need 2 pillars of 2.5 m each, with a diameter of 10 cm.They are dug in with an interval of 3 m to a depth of 70 cm.A wire of galvanized steel with a diameter of 2.5 mm is pulled between them in 3 rows. The first row is located at a height of 40 cm from the surface of the soil, the second - after 40 cm, the third - 50 cm after the second.

Possible problems, diseases, pests

Laura grape variety has resistance to mildew (3 points), gray and white rot. The main problem of the plant is oidium or powdery mildew. To prevent infection, the bushes are treated with a solution of sulfur (25-40 g per 10 l of water), a dark solution of potassium permanganate, "Ridomil". For treatment, a sulfur solution is used, but take 100 g per 10 liters of water. Treatments are carried out in the evening or in cloudy weather 3-5 times, every 10 days.

Sulfur is used at air temperatures above + 20 ° C. At a lower temperature, Storby, Cumulus DF, Switch, colloidal sulfur are used.

Grapes are often infested with bunches, grape mites and aphids. To kill ticks, insecticides are used: "Fufanon", "Neoron", "Aktellik". The drugs Fozalon and Sumicidin are effective against leaf rollers. Aphids will help to destroy Fozalon and Kinmix.

Wintering

Preparation of grapes for wintering begins in late September - early October. Two weeks before hideouts the bushes are watered abundantly. Water consumption - 20 liters per bush. Leaves, unripe vines are cut off. Shoots are removed from the trellis, folded into a bunch and tied with twine.

It is recommended to additionally treat the bushes with a solution of copper sulfate (100 g per 1 liter of boiling water, diluted in 9 liters of water).

Shelter methods:

1. Trench... This method allows you to cover the roots. The depth of the trench is 20–30 cm. The walls are reinforced with boards or slate. The connected vine is placed in a recess, ground is poured on top, 40 cm high.
2. Greenhouse... The method is suitable for hiding places for several bushes. The bundles are laid on the ground. Arcs are installed along them and the film is pulled. The bushes are covered with sawdust or spruce branches. It is important to leave the air in so that the grapes do not rot.
3. Hut... Grape bunches are laid on the ground, covered with burlap, straw or sawdust. Slate sheets are installed on top in the form of a house, and reinforced with bricks or in bulk.
4. Earthen embankment... The bundles are laid on the ground, covered with burlap, straw, dry foliage, sawdust, and covered with a layer of soil up to 30 cm.

Important! In the southern regions, the shelter is removed in mid-April, in the central and northern regions - in the first ten days of May.

Harvesting and application of the crop

Harvesting in the southern regions is carried out in mid-August, in the central and northern regions - 2 weeks later. The bunches are put into wooden boxes and stored for about three months in a cellar at a temperature of + 2 ... + 4 ° С.

The berries are suitable for fresh consumption, compotes, jam and white wine.

Features of growing varieties depending on the region

Laura grapes grow and bear fruit in the Urals, Siberia, the Moscow region, provided they are planted along walls or fences, when the air temperature rises to + 17 ° C. In the south of the country, grapes are planted in any suitable place in the fall.

The grapes are unpretentious, tolerate cold, but show the best results when grown in warm climates.

Reference. The grapes need abundant watering in the south. In temperate climates, the plant has enough seasonal rains.

Winegrowers reviews

The growers of the Laura grape variety leave mostly positive reviews.

Valery, Mr. Chekhov: “I like the Laura variety for its unpretentious care and frost resistance. In our region, bushes require shelter. For myself, I found the best way to keep the vine - shelter in a trench. The rhizome does not freeze under a layer of earth and snow. The berries sometimes do not reach the size presented in the description of the variety, this happens when there is a lack of sun and nutrition. Improving soil fertility and thinning bushes solves the problem. "

Irina, Borisoglebsk: “Laura is one of my favorite grapes. They planted it with cuttings 5 ​​years ago. In our climate, it bears fruit abundantly, and does not require special care. We carry out sanitary pruning, feed with organic matter and minerals. One summer was especially rainy, and the bushes got sick with powdery mildew, even with preventive treatment in the spring. We saved them with a solution of sulfur. The berries are oblong, sweet, very tasty. We prepare wine from them, close compotes. "

Conclusion

The cultivation of the cultivated grape variety Laura does not require much labor. The plant needs moderate watering before and after flowering, and before wintering, the introduction of organic-mineral complexes, preventive spraying against oidium, garter, pruning and rationing of bunches.

A universal table variety suitable for fresh consumption and processing into compote and wine. The berry taste is balanced, with a nutmeg aftertaste. The bunches are large, conical in shape, weighing 1-3 kg.