The best varieties of uncovered grapes for the Moscow region
The grapes for the Moscow region must be frost-resistant - frosts occur in the regions, the weather changes dramatically, the heat is replaced by cold. They do not cause trouble in growing varieties that do not require shelter for the winter. Gardeners do not waste time preparing the covering material; plantings can withstand temperatures as low as -30 ° C. It is recommended to pay attention to plants that rarely get sick and are not damaged by pests - aphids, wireworms, spider mites. Consider the best varieties of uncovered grapes for the Moscow region, the features of its cultivation.
The content of the article
Non-covering winter-hardy grape varieties for the Moscow region
According to the ripening period, the grapes are early, medium and late-ripening. Summer residents in separate categories will single out varieties that are resistant to diseases and with sweet berries.
Sweet
Sweet fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and preparation of desserts, juices, baked goods. Grapes are used to make wine and juice, so some varieties are grown in large-scale vineyards. Due to their rich chemical composition, berries are suitable for a healthy and dietary diet.
Anyuta
An early ripe table variety Anyuta despairs of vigorous bushes. For planting, a plot of land measuring 2x2 m is allocated. The leaves of the plant are large, rich green, without pubescence. The flowers are bisexual, so the grapes do not need pollinating insects, they bear fruit stably. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, weight - about 600 g (sometimes up to 1300 g).
Berries are pink, obtuse, the flesh is dense and juicy. Each fruit contains 1-2 seeds. The taste is sweet, with a nutmeg flavor, aromatic, tasting score - 9 points. The grapes are suitable for fresh consumption and processing. After ripening, the berries do not crumble, sit tightly in bunches, do not crack.
Bogotyanovsky
The growth of the bushes is high, the leafiness is average. The green leaves are small, strongly dissected, with bristly coarse pubescence. The flowers are bisexual. The clusters are medium, cylindrical-conical, weigh about 400 g. The berries are large, greenish-yellow, ovoid in shape. Harmonious sweet taste, score - 9 points. The pulp is gristly, the juice is colorless, the aroma is medium. The purpose of the fruit is universal.
Bogotyanovsky is weakly affected by diseases and pests, and is unpretentious in cultivation. Frost resistance - up to -27 ° C, early ripening. The crop is suitable for transportation and storage - the fruits do not deteriorate, retain their taste and presentation.
Cocktail
Ultra-early ripening table variety. The bushes are tall and powerful, the leaves are large, slightly dissected, bubbly, with strong pubescence. The flowers are bisexual, the weight of the conical bunch is about 400 g. The berries are small, ovoid, yellow-green in color. The pulp is juicy and fleshy, there are 1-2 seeds. The Cocktail variety is appreciated for its frost resistance, the original fruit taste is fruit and berry, with a light aroma. Tasting assessment of fresh berries - 8.3 points. The fruits are recommended for fresh consumption.
The immunity to diseases in the variety is average, therefore it is recommended to carry out additional protective measures - to spray the plantings with fungicides or a weak solution of copper sulfate.
Early
Early ripe grapes ripen in the Moscow region by mid or late July.For healthy growth, the culture is fed with mineral fertilizers - urea, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate. Early harvest is not stored for a long time, eaten fresh or processed into wine, juices, jams.
Ermak
The technical variety is grown on an industrial scale - delicious sparkling wines are made from berries. The flowers are bisexual, the bush is medium-sized. The leaves are large, without pubescence, the color is rich green. The bunches are cylindrical, the berries are tightly pressed against each other. The bunch weighs about 200 g, the berries are small, black and blue. The taste is simple and harmonious, the tasting score is 4.7 points. The seeds are small, the juice is colorless, the flesh is gristly dense.
Frost resistance - up to -32 ° C, strong immunity to diseases and pests. Ermak is grown not only in the middle lane, but also in the northern regions of the country.
Zelenolugsky ruby
Bushes are high, with a medium dissection of leaves, pubescence is bristly. The variety is self-fertile and does not need cross-pollination or insects. The clusters are small, loose, conical in shape. Weight - about 200 g, black round berries. The skin is firm and protects the grapes from cracking and insects. The fruit taste is sweet and sugary, with a pleasant berry aroma.
Interesting!Technical varieties are used to make raisins. To do this, the berries are placed in a dryer for 7 hours, repeating the cycle 2-3 times. To prepare 500 g of raisins, 2 kg of grapes are required.
Zelenolugsky ruby is resistant to frost, rarely affected by phylloxera, powdery mildew. Ripe berries are versatile in use, suitable for transportation, storage, processing. Dry wine tasting score - 7.7 points.
Mid-season
Mid-season grapes near Moscow ripen 10-15 days later than the early one. Most varieties have larger fruits.
Lunar
Table variety, bunches of cylindrical-conical shape, dense, weigh about 500 g. Berries are large, round, weight of one - about 5–7 g. Color is white-pink, strong translucent skin. There is a slight waxy coating on the fruit. The flesh is crispy, there are 2-3 seeds in each berry. The taste is sweet, harmonious, with a nutmeg aroma. Fruit tasting score - 8 points. The frost resistance of the variety is up to -22 ° C, the immunity to diseases and pests is high. Lunar requires shelter for the winter.
Gift from TSKHA
The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are small, with weak pubescence, bright green. The variety is picky about the planting site, so the soil is fertilized and loosened in advance. Bunches of medium density, small, weigh about 140 g. Conical shape, pointed to the tip. Berries are oval-elongated yellow-green. The taste is sweet, harmonious, with a pleasant nutmeg-pineapple aroma. The pulp is juicy and tender. Tasting assessment of berries - 7.7 points, juice - 8.5 points.
The fruits are used for fresh consumption, making summer cocktails, juices and smoothies. Among the disadvantages of the variety, an average immunity to disease is noted.
In memory of Shooting
The bush is medium-sized, young shoots are pubescent, leaves are green. In growing, the plant is unpretentious, tolerates the lack of moisture. The flowers are bisexual, the clusters are dense, the weight of one is about 240 g. The berries are round, each weighing about 2.5 g. The color is yellow-green, the pulp is juicy and dense. The taste is sweet grape, with a pleasant aroma. Tasting score - 8.3 points. The culture is not damaged by diseases and pests, it can withstand frosts down to -30 ° C. The purpose of the crop is universal.
Late
The harvest of late-ripening grapes is harvested in September - October. Berries are used to make drinks and jams, dried for raisins. Late fruits are distinguished by a firm skin and a thick waxy coating that protects them during transportation.
Winner
The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large, light green. The flowers are bisexual, the clusters are loose, the average weight of one is about 900 g, some reach 2000–3000 g. The color of the berries is dark red or burgundy, with a purple tint, the shape is round-oval, the average weight is 8–10 g.The pulp is fleshy, characterized by a harmonious combination of acidity and sugar content. Pleasant nutmeg taste, tasting score - 8.7 points. The seeds are large.
The table variety is resistant to phylloxera, rust and powdery mildew, slightly damaged by aphids and spider mites. Frost resistance - up to -31 ° С. In cultivation, it is unpretentious, it bears fruit stably. The crop is suitable for transportation.
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In memory of the Holodriga
A technical variety, the harvest is harvested in mid-September, fruiting continues until October. After ripening, the berries do not crumble. Bushes vigorous, with large leaves, average pubescence. The bunches are cylindrical-conical, the weight of one is about 208 g. The berries are round, black. The pulp is juicy, sweet harmonious taste. Wine-colored juice, there are 2-3 seeds. Tasting score of dessert wine - 7.9 points. The variety is weakly affected by insects and diseases.
Disease resistant
Of the most dangerous diseases of grapes, gray rot and oidium are distinguished. If the symptoms of infection are not detected in time and measures are not taken, diseases will destroy 60-80% of the crop.
Ruby Azos
A technical frost-resistant variety of medium late ripening. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are small, slightly dissected. The bunches are branchy and loose, weigh about 240 g. The berries are round, average weight - 2 g. The skin is dense, black, with a waxy bloom. The pulp is juicy, the taste is sweet, with a slight sourness, harmonious. Tasting score - 7.9 points. Ruby Azos can withstand frosts down to -34 ° C, bears fruit stably, is not affected by viral and fungal diseases.
Stirrup
Early maturing technical grapes. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are green, with a weak bristly pubescence. The flowers are bisexual, the clusters are cylindrical or cylindrical-conical, weigh about 170 g. The berries are small, round-oval, white. The stirrup is resistant to frost, phylloxera, diseases.
Attention! As a preventive measure, before flowering, grapes are sprayed with Inta-Vir at the rate of 2 tablets per 10 liters of water. Fertilizers containing iodine, boron and zinc are applied to the soil. During the flowering period, pinch the tops of the bush, regularly remove weeds. In rainy weather, the vineyard is treated with the "Bud" preparation three times.
To increase yields, the bush is cut annually, dry and old shoots are removed. The purpose of the Stirrup is universal - the fruits are good in fresh, processed, dried form.
The best wine varieties
Wine grapes in the Moscow region are distinguished by their juiciness and bright aroma, tender and sweet pulp. They have a balanced acid-sugar composition. Of the varieties, Golden Muscat (Rossoshansky) is noted. Bushes vigorous, prefer loose and well-lit areas. The bunches are cylindrical, weigh 300-350 g, dense. The berries are yellow-green, with a golden hue, the skin is firm, with a waxy bloom. Sweet nutmeg taste with pleasant aftertaste. Frost resistance - up to -29 ° С. The berries do not crumble or crack, they are resistant to fungal diseases. White wines are made from grapes.
For the production of the red species, an uncovered Express variety is grown in the Moscow region. Ripens early, fruiting lasts 3-4 weeks. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are small, without pubescence. The clusters are winged and loose, weighing 300-400 g. The berries are round, weighing about 2 g each, black, with a waxy coating. The aroma and taste are pleasant, refreshing. Frost resistance - up to -32 ° С, the variety is slightly affected by mildew.
Frost-resistant varieties for gazebos
Grapes will decorate a gazebo, a fence, and other country buildings. For the arched vine to grow quickly, place the grapes on the sunny side. It is recommended to plant several varieties at the same time with different ripening periods - this way fruiting will last for a long time.
Decorate the gazebo with uncovered grapes of American selection Alpha... The length of the vine reaches 9 m, the leaves are large, the edges are jagged. Alpha blooms in early summer. The berries ripen for 110–145 days, the clusters are large, weigh 150–250 g. The berries are round, nutmeg taste, weight - 2-3 g, black-blue color, with a purple tint, there is a medium waxy bloom. From a bush, they collect from 10 to 14 kg of berries per season. The variety is unpretentious in cultivation, frost-resistant, rarely affected by diseases.
Summer residents allocate Amur grapes. The length of the vine is 8–12 m, the plant adorns the gazebo from early spring to late autumn. The berries are black and blue, dense. Bunch weight - about 200 g, conical shape. The taste is balanced sweet and sour, with a nutmeg aroma. The crop is suitable for processing and fresh consumption. Frost resistance of the variety - up to -27 ° С.
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Conclusion
For planting in gardens and orchards of the Moscow region, non-covering varieties are chosen. They are frost-resistant, unpretentious to care for, rarely get sick and are not damaged by pests. It is recommended to pay attention to grapes Lunny, Ermak, Cocktail, Anyuta. They are appreciated for tasty and juicy fruits, versatility in application, immunity. For the production of wine, Golden Muscat or Express is grown, for decorating the gazebo - Alpha or Amur.