Characteristics and description of early grape varieties
Early and super-early grape varieties have always been in demand among Russian summer residents - ripe and juicy fruits ripen quickly, you don't have to wait for autumn. Light varieties are appreciated for their versatility in use and unpretentiousness, pink ones for their attractive appearance and delicate pulp. Blue grapes are grown for making wine and champagne, raisins or winter preparations are made from the fruits. Consider a description of popular early grape varieties and make a rating of the best.
The content of the article
Early grape varieties
Ripening period of early varieties - 100-110 days... They are grown in the south and north of Russia, as well as in the middle lane. Summer residents appreciate early grapes for their early maturity - the first harvest is harvested in late July or early August.
In terms of taste and marketability, they do not differ from mid-season or late varieties: the fruits are suitable for processing, conservation, fresh consumption, transportation and sale. When planting early ripe grapes, it is important to pay attention to the composition of the soil and the place allocated for the plant.
Helios
This early ripe table variety is frost-resistant, rarely affected by fungal and viral diseases, therefore it is grown in all regions of the country. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large, there is a slight pubescence on the surface of the plate. The flowers are bisexual, so the yield does not depend on weather conditions and pollinating insects.
The bunches are dense conical, the weight of one is about 500 g. The berries are large, obtuse, pink in color. The pulp is dense and juicy, the taste is sweet-nutmeg, the juice is colorless. Tasting evaluation of fresh fruits - 9 points. Grow grapes Helios for personal use and sale.
Early TSHA
A universal variety that ripens in 100-110 days, is unpretentious in care, and is common in all regions of Russia. The bushes are medium-sized, the vine is strong and elastic, there is a slight pubescence. Bunches of cylindrical-conical shape, weighing about 75 g, medium density. Rounded berries, blue-black color. The skin is of medium density, there is a waxy coating. The yield of the variety is about 3.5 kg per bush per season. Juice and wines are prepared from grapes, berries are consumed fresh or dried for the winter.
Russian early
Early Russian matures in 105-115 days. The plant is tall, requires a garter to the trellis. Frost resistance of the variety - up to -23 ° С. The berries ripen together, do not crumble or crack. Bunches are cylindrical, with a sharp tip, medium density, weight of one - 300-500 g. Berries are round-oval, weigh 8-10 g each, the flesh is firm and crispy. The taste is sweet, with a pleasant aftertaste and rich aroma.
Early Russian refers to early-growing varieties - summer residents harvest the first harvest 3-4 years after planting. The grapes are resistant to mildew and powdery mildew, rarely damaged by wasps and spider mites. It is unpretentious in cultivation, the fruits are suitable for fresh consumption.
Super early varieties of white grapes
The ripening period of the superearly varieties is 90–105 days. White grapes are prized for their delicious pulp, thin skin, and lack of seeds. It is recommended for planting to choose early and self-fertile varieties that rarely get sick and are frost-resistant.
Bazhena
Harvested in early August. The bushes are lush, of medium height, they look original on the site. The flowers are bisexual, the leaves are medium dark green.The clusters are large, weighing 500-700 g, dense, cylindrical or conical in shape. The berries are oblong-ovate, the average weight is 13 g, the color is yellow-green, the transparent skin is thin. Harmonious sweet taste.
Bazhena is appreciated for its immunity to mildew, fast and friendly ripening of shoots. Berries are eaten fresh or used in the preparation of desserts, drinks, pastries, preparations for the winter.
Hercules
The Hercules variety, popular in the middle lane and northern regions, is distinguished by frost resistance - it can withstand temperatures down to -35 ° C. The plant is medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual. Ripening period - 95-105 days. Bunches are conical, loose, weighing 500–800 g, some specimens reach 1 kg. The berries are large, round, pinkish-pale or yellow. The skin is of medium density, the pulp is juicy and tender, the taste is sweet. The berries are transportable, after harvest they are stored for up to 1 month.
Attention! To increase yields, summer residents form grape vines, that is, give the plant the desired shape. There are several ways to form bushes, the most common and universal - fan multi-arm or cordon.
Rusball
Rusbol table grapes ripen for 110 days. The bushes are medium-sized, inflorescences on the shoots appear early. The fruiting period is extended - summer residents harvest within 2-3 weeks. Frost resistance of the variety - up to -25 ° С, there is immunity to mildew and rot. Rusbol does not need shelter for the winter, which makes it easier to care for it. The bunches are large, weighing 400-600 g, the berries grow tightly to each other. The fruits are oval, white, the flesh is firm and fleshy. The taste is pleasant, sugary, without bitterness and sourness. Productivity - up to 10 kg per plant.
Rusbol's brushes do not attract insects, including wasps and slugs. Of the advantages, the fruitfulness of the eyes is noted - each gives rise to a shoot on which large and juicy berries ripen. It is recommended to consume the harvest fresh.
The earliest varieties of pink grapes
Pink grapes attract summer residents with their appearance - vines with berries will adorn any garden. The fruit taste is sweet and harmonious, the purpose is universal. Rose varieties are grown throughout Russia.
Gurzuf pink
The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are medium, slightly dissected. The vine ripens quickly. The bunches are cylindrical, winged, weighing up to 250 g. The berries are round, the color is white-pink, with red streaks. The skin is dense, the pulp is juicy and fleshy. The taste is sweet, with a nutmeg aroma.
Gurzuf pink is recommended for the North Caucasus region, resistant to powdery mildew, mildew and gray rot. Frost resistance - up to -25 ° С. Tasting evaluation of berry wine - 8 points. Harvested in early or mid-August, used for transportation or sale, consumed fresh or wines are prepared.
Transformation
Super early table grapes ripen in 105-110 days from the moment of planting. Bushes of medium size, buds bloom quickly, vines are elastic, flowers are bisexual. Bunch weight - about 800 g, cylindrical shape. The berries are pink, with a red tint, juicy and sweet. The pulp is dense, contains 2-3 seeds, colorless juice. Tasting score - 8.5 points.
To increase the yield, it is recommended to cover the Transformation for the winter, and during the flowering period, apply a complex of mineral fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate).
Muscat pink
The technical grade Muscat pink is used for making wines, champagne, liqueurs and other drinks. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are slightly dissected, there is no pubescence, the flowers are bisexual. The clusters are conical-cylindrical, the weight of one is about 130 g. The berries are round, the rind is thick, with a thick waxy bloom. At the beginning of ripening, the berries are pink-red, before harvesting they acquire a rich purple-pink color. Harmonious nutmeg taste, colorless juice.
The variety is appreciated for its transportability, keeping quality, pleasant taste and unpretentious care. The recommended growing region is the North Caucasus.
Ultra early blue grape varieties
Blue grapes are less common than light grapes (yellow or green). Many blue varieties are used to make wines... The crop is grown on an industrial scale on large plantations, as well as in gardens. Consider the popular early blue grape varieties: Express, Codreanka, and Black Cherry.
Express
The wine grape variety is unpretentious in cultivation and quickly adapts to any climatic conditions. The bushes are vigorous, so a lot of space is required for planting. The berries ripen by late July or early August, depending on the region of planting. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -35 ° C, requires trimming, does not need shelter for the winter. 5-6 eyes are formed on one shoot at the same time.
Bunch weight - 250-350 g, conical shape, dark blue color, with black tints. Berry weight - 2-4 g, round shape. The taste is rich sweet, with a nutmeg aroma. The juice is blue-violet, the pulp is very tender. Express grapes are eaten fresh, dried, and made into juices.
Codryanka
The early ripe variety Kodryanka is grown in the Ural, Nizhnevolzhsky, North Caucasian regions. Appointment canteen, ripening period - 117 days. Bushes are medium-sized, leaves without pubescence. Bunches of moderate density, weigh about 600 g. Berries are black-blue, round-oval, firm. The pulp is crispy, each fruit contains 2-3 seeds. Intense sweet taste, tasting score - 8.2 points.
Codreen is resistant to mildew, but requires shelter for the winter. The variety is fast-growing - yields a crop for 2-3 years after planting. The fruits are transportable, do not crack during transportation.
Black cherry
The Black Cherry hybrid produces a crop in mid-July. Vigorous bush, bisexual flowers. The vine ripens completely, the survival rate of cuttings is good. Loose bunch weight - 750-1000 g, black-violet color. The berries of an interesting shape (rounded with a pointed tip) weigh 10–12 g each. The flesh is pinkish, juicy and sweet. The rind is thin but strong and protects the berries during transport.
Black cherry begins to bear fruit 2 years after planting. In cultivation, the bush is unpretentious, average frost resistance. Recommended for cultivation in the Moscow region and the Leningrad region.
It is interesting:
Description of grape varieties for Krasnodar
Super early varieties for the south of Russia
The southern regions of Russia are ideal for growing grapes. The plant loves warm and sunny weather, so the largest and sweetest varieties are cultivated in the Rostov Region, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, and Abkhazia.
Julian
The super-early variety Julian ripens in 95-105 days. Berries are used to make compotes, preserves, jams. The bunches are loose on a long stalk, weight - from 800 g to 2 kg. Fruits are finger-shaped oblong, berry weight - about 20 g, pinkish-yellow color. The pulp is crispy and homogeneous. After ripening, the berries do not crack, the thin skin is not felt when the fruit is consumed. The taste is pleasant berry, with a strawberry flavor. The bones are soft and small. Disease resistance is above average.
Elegant
The heat-loving elegant grape variety does not require support, but needs regular pruning. The bushes are characterized by low to medium vigor, making them suitable for growing in small garden areas. Fruit ripening period is 100-110 days. Bunches are conical, weighing 400–800 g, yellow-pink color.
The flesh of Elegance is juicy, without crunch, the taste is simple, with a slight nutmeg aroma. The skin is firm, each berry has 3 seeds. Tasting score - 4.2 points out of 5.
Attention! For planting in southern Russia, the recommended varieties are Tason, Baikonur, Galahad, Zabava, Arcadia. They are unpretentious in cultivation, warm and sunny weather increases the yield.
Conclusion
The best early grape varieties are Helios, Russian Early, Early TSKHA. Their ripening period is about 100-110 days, the berries ripen together.From pink varieties, Transfiguration and Pink Muscat are distinguished, from blue ones - Codreanka and Express. In the southern regions, Julian and Elegant grapes are grown - the plants are demanding on sunlight. When choosing a culture, it is important to pay attention to the reviews of other gardeners, the appearance of the seedling, and care requirements.