Description of grape variety Kishmish 342
Kishmish 342 grape hybrid is a product of the selection work of Hungarian scientists. The culture quickly gained popularity among winegrowers due to its early ripening, pleasant, balanced taste of berries with a golden pink, thin skin and a light nutmeg flavor. The grapes are suitable for cultivation in the south of Russia, in the regions of the middle belt and the zone of risky farming.
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Description of grapes Kishmish 342
Kishmish 342 is a hybrid of Villars blanc and Perlett Sidlis raisins. Hungarian breeders worked on the creation of the cultivar.
Other names for the hybrid are Hungarian Kishmish, GF 342. The grapes are used for fresh consumption and the preparation of raisins. Kishmish 342 is characterized by early ripening and frost resistance - up to -24 ... -26 ° С.
Appearance and characteristics
The culture is characterized by high vigor of growth, the harvest ripens in 110–115 days from the moment the ovaries appear. Harvested from August to September, depending on the growing area.
Shoots ripen 2/3 of the length of the vine, the fruitfulness of the shoots is 80-85%, if pruned by 7-8 eyes. The recommended load on the bush is 35-40 eyes.
The bushes grow strongly, large clusters weighing 0.3-0.6 kg are formed on perennial branches. The shape is cylindrical-conical, the density is moderate. 2-3 clusters are left on one shoot. With proper care, the weight of one is 1-1.5 kg. The leaves are large, rounded, slightly dissected. The flowers are bisexual, collected in dense panicle inflorescences.
Berries are usually medium in size, less often large, 15 × 17 mm, weighing 2-3 g, belong to the 2-3 class of seedlessness, rudiments are present insignificantly.
The pulp is juicy, fleshy, firm. The taste is sweet, with a slight nutmeg aftertaste. Moderate sugar content and acidity are responsible for the harmony of taste. Even berries that are not fully ripe are moderately sweet. Sugar content - 20%, acidity - 6-8 g / l. The skin is thin and delicate, green-golden at the beginning of ripening and light yellow with a slight pinkish tinge at the time of full ripeness.
Kishmish 342 is planted next to varieties that need pollination due to their high pollination ability. The hybrid is prone to strong growth, so it needs a solid support 2-3 m high and a large feeding area. To obtain large clusters weighing at least 500 g, the vine is tied up so that the vineyard is ventilated and illuminated from all sides.
Often, the bunches are kept until the end of September, so that the berries have time to collect sugar and become a pink-brown hue. Kishmish 342 is not prone to cracking and decay in wet weather. The bunches remain marketable for about a month after harvesting. Productivity - 20-22 kg per bush. Small berries on clusters of medium density turn into raisins right on the bush.
Advantages and disadvantages
The benefits of culture:
- the possibility of growing in areas of risky farming;
- frost resistance;
- balance of sugar and acid;
- seedlessness;
- keeping the presentation up to one month;
- the possibility of transportation over long distances;
- high productivity;
- resistance to fungal diseases;
- high survival rate of seedlings.
Disadvantages:
- peas with improperly shaped bushes;
- tendency to razyumlivaniya when stored on a bush.
Growing features
Kishmish 342 is successfully grown in regions of risky farming, placing vineyards in sunny areas with fertile soil. In the first year after planting, grapes need regular watering, loosening and feeding, pinching the shoots 3 months after planting.The first crop is harvested in 2-3 years.
For planting a hybrid, choose a spacious area in the south or southwest. Illumination should be full. Often grapes are planted on the south side of fences and houses, protecting the plant from gusty winds. Saplings are planted with an interval of 1-1.5 m, observing a row spacing of 3-4 m. A tall-stemmed hybrid grows best on stable wooden or metal trellises.
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Landing rules
Grapes are planted in the spring, when the soil warms up and dries up, and the air temperature reaches + 12 ... + 15 ° С. Saplings with a developed root system are planted in late April - early May, with closed ones - in early June.
The site is prepared in the fall: they dig up and add organic matter with humus to increase fertility... Vine rows form across the slope from north to southwest or south.
A young seedling should have more than 3 roots 8-10 cm long and 2-3 mm thick. The damaged roots are cut by 15-20 cm and immersed in a growth stimulator (Kornevin, sodium humate) and hexachloran (100 g) for 15 minutes.
In the prepared area, they dig a hole 100x100 cm in size and 90 cm deep. 15-20 cm of expanded clay, crushed stone, broken brick is placed on the bottom, leveled and tamped. A pipe for irrigation is driven into the side of the pit. The soil from the pit is mixed with 500 g of superphosphate, 500 g of wood ash, 2-3 buckets of humus and poured into the pit with a layer of 25-30 cm.
The seedling is immersed in the center and the roots are spread. Pour 2-3 buckets of clean soil removed from the topsoil on top. 3 buckets of warm, settled water are poured into the pit. It is important to plant seedlings at the level of the root collar.
The pit is covered with soil mixed with turf and sand, without compaction, then mulch with coniferous needles, old leaves, sawdust, straw.
The young vine is cut into 2 eyes and shaded. A wooden stake is placed next to each seedling and watered through a pipe.
Care
Caring for the Kishmish 342 hybrid includes several stages:
- garter of grown vines and pruning in May;
- pinching a plant on 2 leaves in June, removing shoots and feeding;
- pinching the top of young grapes in July;
- re-application of fertilizers (phosphorus and potassium);
- prevention of pests and fungal diseases;
- garter of shoots and bunches, removal of overgrowth, treatment with potash fertilizers in early August;
- harvesting, abundant watering and stopping feeding in late August - early September.
During the growing season of grapes, the soil without mulch is loosened every 2-3 weeks and weeds are removed. The mulched soil is loosened once a month to improve aeration.
Kishmish 342 loves moisture. In case of its lack, the roots grow in depth by 2-2.5 m. This leads to drying of the vine and loss of juiciness of berries. The grapes are watered every 3 weeks except in the rainy season. 40-50 liters of water are poured under a one-two-year-old bush.
During the entire growing season, the vineyard is watered at least 4 times:
- at the time of bud break;
- at the end of flowering;
- during the ripening period of berries;
- before wintering.
It is not recommended to water grapes during flowering and use cold water for this.
Top dressing
Mineral fertilizers are applied twice: in June and the end of July. The crop needs feeding in order to grow strong vines and medium density clusters.
Feeding mode:
- 5 g of potassium, 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water - from the moment the juice moves;
- chicken droppings at the rate of 1 kg per 1 m² - into grooves 30-40 cm deep 3 weeks after removing the winter shelter;
- 80 g of urea, 80 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of phosphorus per 30 liters of water - at the beginning of flowering, 15 liters per one bush;
- spraying with fertilizers containing zinc, manganese, iron and potassium - after flowering.
How to trim
In the first year of the growing season, the grapes are not pruned, they make it possible to form a strong vine. In the second year of development, weak shoots are cut off and bushes are formed, leaving 8-10 vines on one plant. To strengthen the root system, catarovka is performed - root shoots are removed above the ground. The budding is closely monitored and does not allow the appearance of two shoots from one eye. The smaller shoot is cut off, the remaining one is tied to the trellis after reaching 30 cm in length.
Pruning is done with disinfected pruning shears... Sleeve side cuts should be smooth and round. These branches produce a large number of fruit-bearing vines. On young shoots with bunches, the cuts should be oblique so as not to become numb.
Pinching is a mandatory procedure in which 5 leaves are left after the second bunch and the tip of the shoot is cut off behind the antennae. The length of the vine should be 2-2.5 m. So the berries receive a sufficient amount of nutrients and gain sugar content. In the summer, they carry out pinching of excess greenery and mustache to increase yields and improve the vines.
Correct wintering
In cold regions at the end of autumn, the vine is carefully removed from the supports, twisted and lightly pressed to the ground. Pour 20-30 cm of soil on top and lay straw, spruce branches, pine needles, roofing material or agrofibre. In the south, Kishmish 342 grapes are grown as a non-sheltering crop.
Pest control
To prevent the development of fungal infections, prophylactic processing of grapes is performed. In the spring, the vineyard is sprayed with solutions of Topaz, Radomil and Bordeaux liquid.
Infection with mildew and powdery mildew occurs rarely, only in the case of thickening of the plantings. Mildew appears in the form of moldy plaque and yellow spots on the leaves. With oidium, the foliage becomes covered with a gray bloom, the berries crack and deteriorate, acquiring the smell of rotten fish. The disease appears in humid and hot weather.
Reference. To combat mildew, products containing kresoxim-methyl and copper are used. The processing is carried out twice after 14 days.
For the purpose of prophylaxis, vineyards are sprayed with Actellik and Oxykhom preparations before flowering. After the ovaries appear, the bushes are treated with contact-systemic fungicides "Thanos" and "Acrobat". In case of severe damage, the plants are sprayed with "Quadris" and "Strobi". Fungicides are alternated to prevent fungal addiction.
The sweet, thin-skinned berries attract wasps. Mesh bags help to save the crop. Each bunch is placed in a bag and tied tightly. Next to the bushes, they put bait made from jam and honey with the addition of boric acid or sugar with chlorophos.
The main pests of grapes are May beetle larvae and leafworm... For their destruction use insecticides "Fufanon", "Fundazol", colloidal sulfur. May beetle larvae live in the near-trunk circle and damage the roots. One of the most effective ways to destroy them is considered to be watering with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 g per 10 l of water) or insecticides "Karbofos" or "Decis". Treatment with chemicals is carried out in early June until the grapes ripen.
Reviews
Hybrid Kishmish 342 takes a worthy place in the vineyards of Russian gardeners. Many appreciated its taste, ease of care and resistance to diseases. Reviews about Kishmish 342 are more than positive.
Vera, Borisoglebsk: “Since I studied the description of the Kishmish 342 grape variety, it occupies half of our vineyard. I like it for its undemanding soil composition and lack of problems with cultivation. The grape is resistant to mildew and powdery mildew. For 10 years of leaving, I had to fight mildew only once, and then only because the summer turned out to be rainy. The husband specially prepares herbal infusion based on nettle, wormwood, chamomile, yarrow, dandelion, burdock for watering the bushes. Pour warm infusion into a bucket, add chicken droppings and 500 ml of wood ash. With this talker he fertilizes plants to prevent diseases and increase yields. "
Maria, g.Kursk: “The Kishmish 342 grape variety, or, more precisely, a hybrid, ripens in our area in early August, but from the tops I begin to pluck already in July. For the winter I cover it with spruce branches, I did not check for winter hardiness, but if you believe the declared, the plant can withstand frosts down to -26 ° С. Against mildew I do 2-3 treatments with Bordeaux liquid, I have never seen oidium. The berries are very juicy, sweet, and have a pleasant golden-pink color. There are no seeds, and the skin is thin, imperceptible. The largest bunch weighed 800 g. I leave the bunches on the bushes and wait for the berries to dry into raisins. "
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Conclusion
Kishmish varieties and hybrids of grapes are highly valued in many countries for their pleasant sweet taste and lack of seeds. Kishmish 342 is one of them. The cultivar is grown everywhere due to its adaptation to any weather conditions. Grapes can withstand frosts down to -26 ° C, so in the south they are grown as a non-sheltering crop, and in regions with more severe winters they are sheltered.
The berries have a harmonious taste due to their moderate acidity and tend to rasp when picked late. It is simple to take care of the vineyard: it is enough to control the watering, apply potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, carry out pruning and preventive treatments.