How to properly plant grapes in spring in open ground

Many novice summer residents are afraid to plant grapes on their site. And in vain: landing and growing delicious berries It won't be a hassle if you follow the detailed step-by-step guide. The grapes take root in the Moscow region and the Krasnodar Territory, the Volga region and Tatarstan, in the Urals and Siberia.

How to plant a vine correctly and what recommendations to follow when planting seedlings and cuttings, we will consider in the article.

Planting grapes in spring

Grapes are planted both by cuttings and seedlings... After planting, the rate of development accelerates in spring. The heat-loving plant gains strength over the summer, strengthens the immune system and prepares for winter. That is why spring planting is preferable to autumn planting, when the first frosts and snow fall immediately. Most grape varieties do not tolerate cold weather.

The disadvantage of spring planting is that after winter insect pests wake up, pathogens, therefore, a young plant needs careful care. Summer residents take preventive and protective measures, spray grapes with chemicals and folk remedies. For spring planting, seedlings are bought in the fall and keep them all winter in the basement. During this time, they can become weakened or sick.

When to plant grapes in spring

Cuttings and seedlings with a closed root system are planted in late spring - early summer, with an open one - in late April or early May. When choosing a date, it is important to pay attention to weather conditions and temperatures. If it is raining outside or strong winds are blowing, the air temperature does not rise above + 5 ° C, the landing is postponed. The air should warm up to + 15 ° С, and the ground - up to + 10 ° С.

Auspicious days according to the lunar calendar

Using the lunar calendar, gardeners choose the days when planting grapes outdoors will be more successful. It is generally accepted that if a plant is planted on certain dates, then it will get sick less and bear fruit better.

The choice of the date depends on the waxing and waning moon... In 2020, grapes are chosen for planting on April 30 or May 29. Unsuitable dates - May 7, 8, 12, 13, 20, 21.

Attention! Even if the lunar calendar says April 30 and May 29 are good for landing, it's important to pay attention to the weather conditions. Air and ground temperature are the main criteria when choosing a term.

Choosing a landing site

The grapes do not tolerate shade, so the plant is planted in the sunniest and well-lit places.... There should be no tall buildings, fences or other structures nearby, otherwise they will obscure the sun. It is also important to exclude the presence of roads next to the bush, since dust will settle on the fruits. It is recommended to place the plant in a windless and dry place, away from groundwater. If the garden has a sunny, hilly area, then the grapes are placed on it.

The soil must be loose and nutritious, otherwise the plant does not develop well... A suitable option is crumbly black soil and purchased soil, mixed with sand, rotted organic matter, and mineral components. Sandy or clayey soil is not suitable. They do not retain moisture and are poorly breathable.The acidity of the soil should be moderate - from 4 to 8 pH. Excessive acidity leads to the death of the plant.

Preparation of planting material

The grapes are planted with cuttings, seedlings or vines. Cuttings are prepared in February or March... They are examined, dry and damaged specimens are thrown away. To check the viability of the cutting, it is squeezed - moisture appears in healthy stems. The cut gives off a greenish tint. The remaining cuttings are soaked in water for 2 days, then they are placed in growth stimulants for a day: "Athlete", "Krezacin" or "Kornevin". They strengthen the plant's immunity, increase its cold resistance, improve the taste of future fruits.

When choosing seedlings, pay attention to the roots... There should be at least 4 of them - the more, the better the root system develops. A healthy seedling has large, long and firm roots. The cut should be moist and white. Thin seedlings with dry and sluggish roots are not suitable for growing. This suggests that the plant is sick and will die after planting in open ground. The recommended seedling length is 30-40 cm. Sometimes 2- or 3-year-old seedlings already have 1-2 vines. If they are large, they will quickly take root and immediately give several healthy shoots. The diameter of the vine must be at least 3 mm.

If a vine is immediately used for planting, then it is processed 3% ferrous sulfate solution. For preparation, 1 liter of water and 30 g of the substance are required. The vine should not be too long, as the risk of infection by microbes and fungi increases. It is recommended to pay attention to its elasticity and the absence of cracks and stains.

Soil preparation

The soil for spring planting is harvested in the fall... In a southern and sunny place, they dig a landing hole 80 cm deep, 70-90 cm in diameter. To make the soil breathable, a 10 cm drainage layer of broken brick or stone is laid on the bottom of the hole. Before winter the pit is fertilized with a nutrient mixture - 1 kg of dry wood ash, 800 g of superphosphate, 1 kg of humus. Then poured abundantly with warm water. In the spring, before planting, the soil is dug up to 60-80 cm.

Attention! If summer residents do not have time to prepare a pit in the fall, then in the spring they dig trenches for grapes 65x65 cm in size.This is done 4-8 weeks before planting. The bottom of the pit is made drainage, fertilized with rotted manure or compost.

How to properly plant grapes in spring - step by step instructions

The landing procedure does not take much time, the main thing is - choose calm and cloudy weather and prepare planting material.

How to plant grapes in spring with seedlings step by step:

1. Stick a plastic tube with a diameter of about 5 cm into the hole on the side - later it will be used to water the plant.
2. Pour the soil into the pit so that 50 cm remains to the top. Summer residents use garden or ready-made store soil "Universal" or "Krepysh". It contains vitamins and minerals for plants and is pre-disinfected.
3. Water the pit with settled water heated in the sun. Wait until it is completely absorbed.
4. Take the grapes out of the pot or container. Carefully spread the roots of the seedling and place it in the hole. Fill it to the brim with dry soil.

Planting by cuttings is similar to planting seedlings.... It is only important to pay attention to the location of the cuttings - they are placed obliquely, vertically or arched.

Planting scheme, what to plant next

When determining a planting scheme, gardeners pay attention to the variety, the height of the plants, the size of the vines. Between medium and low-growing bushes, a distance of about 2 m is observed, between tall ones - 3 m.The width of the row spacing is from 1.5 to 2 m.Do not plant grape bushes too close to each other - in this case, the plant creates a shadow and interferes with the development of a nearby growing bush. Also, with a thickened planting, the grapes are poorly ventilated, which has a bad effect on the taste and appearance of the fruits. The bushes are arranged from north to south.

It is recommended to plant next to grapes carrots, sorrel, peas, beans, strawberries, cucumbers. Unsuitable neighbors for culture - parsley, gooseberries, potatoes, celery. It is also not recommended to plant grapes next to tall apple trees and pears - fruit trees shade the grapes, it suffers from a lack of sunlight. Fruit trees can steal nutrients from the soil from grapes.

Planting nuances depending on the growing region

In the middle lane and northern regions, summer residents resort to tricks: on the north side of the bed along the entire length, a screen of boards is installed and painted green. The height of the structure is from 80 to 100 cm. The screen does not let the cold wind through, which is especially important in the Urals, Siberia, and the middle lane. It heats up and creates a favorable growing environment. Saplings are placed at a distance of 40 cm. Such a screen is indispensable in a cool summer.

Attention! So that the soil in the root system zone warms up faster, the ground under the seedlings is covered with a black film. This will prevent weeds and protect the land from drying out. Another proven method will help to keep warm - stones are placed around the seedling. They heat up and give off heat to the plant and soil.

Depending on the type of grape

Distinguish between table and technical grapes... The first is suitable for fresh consumption, the second is suitable for processing and making wine, juice, champagne.

Have table varieties the appearance of the berries matters - the color and size... Therefore, it is important before and after planting to pay attention to organic and mineral fertilizing, on which the development of fruits depends. These grapes are sensitive to the lack of sun, so it is unacceptable to plant them in the shade. Also, after planting, the plant is sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux liquid so that insects and diseases do not hit the bunches.

For technical varieties, taste is more important than appearance.... Technical grapes are smaller, the plants are not distinguished by dense foliage. When growing, follow the recommendations for the neighborhood and location of the bushes. A thickened planting will lead to lower yields.

Further care

Grapes love water, but cannot tolerate excess... Before watering the plant, check the soil moisture level. Plunge your finger into the soil and watch how deep the earth has dried. For irrigation, use a tube installed next to the seedling during planting, or put a garden hose under the bush.

Morning is chosen for watering - the optimal time, the grapes are awake and ready for hydration... If watered during the day, then in cloudy weather. Otherwise, due to the sun, moisture will evaporate, not having time to penetrate the ground. Once a week, instead of watering, sprinkling is used - the procedure activates the process of photosynthesis and knocks down dust from young leaves.

Attention! To prevent water evaporation, the vineyard is mulched. Sawdust, cleaned river sand, leaves, hay are used. Mulch slows down the development of weeds and protects against aphids, bears, sawflies.

In the first year of life, ready-made preparations are chosen for feeding., for example "Gumi-Plus" or "Biovit". They contain nitrogen and potassium in the amount needed by a young plant. Before and after fertilization, the grapes are watered. Top dressing is not applied to dry ground. The next procedure is carried out no earlier than a month later.

Tips & Tricks

In order for the grapes to grow healthy and bear fruit stably, they are sprayed after planting wood ash solution - 3 tbsp. l. for 1 liter of water. The components are mixed and infused for a week. After the vineyard is sprayed 1-2 times a month. The solution protects against diseases and pests, disinfects the plant, replenishes the lack of vitamins and microelements.

In the first year, summer residents regularly inspect the bushes and remove the formed stepsons... They also monitor the cleanliness of the beds: weeds and fallen leaves are regularly removed. This reduces the risk of developing disease.

Mistakes to Avoid

If grape shoots dry out or become covered with bloom, and the root system does not develop, then mistakes were made:

• premature landing;
• buying seedlings in an unverified place;
• acidic clay soil;
• improper storage of seedlings;
• non-compliance with the neighborhood with other plants;
• choice of the northern section;
• groundwater nearby;
• excess or lack of fertilizers.

Conclusion

For planting grapes, cuttings or seedlings are used. When buying, pay attention to the appearance of the planting material - it should not have cracks or scratches. Before planting, the plant is soaked in a growth stimulator - it activates metabolic processes and increases future yield.

A pit for planting is prepared in the fall: a drainage layer is laid on the bottom and the soil is fertilized with rotted organic matter. This ensures the correct development of the bush. Grapes are planted at an air temperature of + 15 ° C. Some summer residents, when choosing a date, are guided by the lunar calendar.