Step-by-step instructions for grafting grapes in August

Grafting of grapes is optional but desirable. It helps to increase the resistance of the crop to negative environmental factors, to get a better and more abundant harvest. Some growers graft several varieties on one plant to save space in the garden.

Vaccination is carried out in spring, autumn, summer and even winter. Spring is considered the most favorable period, but if at this time it was not possible to plant grapes or the scion did not take root, the procedure is postponed to the summer.

Why plant grapes in August

Grafting of grapes improves the quality and hardiness of the vineyard. It is not necessary to do it, but the procedure has many advantages:

1. Increasing plant resistance to negative environmental factors. Many large-fruited dessert varieties are characterized by low winter hardiness, low resistance to diseases and pests, and increased sensitivity to negative environmental factors. To smooth out these negative aspects, varietal grafts are grafted onto more hardy rootstocks.
2. Save space in the garden... There is not always enough space in the garden to plant grape varieties. In this case, cuttings of different varieties are grafted onto the bush. Such a plant not only pleases with the harvest of different berries, but also looks unusual.
3. Acceleration of fruiting... To do this, a branch of a plant is grafted onto a new bush, which is already bearing fruit.
4. Fast variety change... If the grapes growing on the site have already become boring, and you do not want to wait a long time until the young plants reach the fruiting age, the new variety is grafted onto the old base.

Most gardeners prefer to vaccinate in the spring, but sometimes they do it in August. Usually in summer, the procedure is carried out in 3 cases:

• in the spring there were no suitable, well-developed rootstocks or scion;
• previous vaccinations did not take root;
• it was not possible to carry out the work in the spring.

The most common reason is spring vaccinations that have not taken root.... To prevent negative results from repeating again in the summer, it is important to find out their possible causes:

1. Incompatibility of varieties. This is the least common reason, as most plants go well with each other.
2. The weather is too cold or hot. The problem also arises with frequent sudden changes in temperature.
3. Inaccurate coincidence of scion and rootstock cuts. This is due to improperly made cuts, inaccurately aligned grafted elements, poor-quality isolation of plant parts.
4. Dry weather. During grafting, the grapes require more frequent watering.

Vaccination work can be carried out in autumn and even in winter.... However, it is better for novice growers to do this in the spring and summer, as during these periods there are more chances of success.

Terms of vaccinations

With summer grafting of grapes, the timing is selected so that shoots managed to take root and ripen, but did not wake up. Ripe stems will survive the winter and will begin to develop together with the rootstock bush next spring.

The exact timing depends on the method of vaccination... Budding is carried out in late July or early August. Branches (split) are grafted in June, sometimes in early July. Inoculation is made to the underground trunk from late August to early October or from mid-May to early July.

Auspicious days according to the lunar calendar

Gardeners are debating whether it is imperative to consider the lunar calendar when choosing the time for summer vaccination. Some say that it is enough to carry out the procedure in the correct agronomic terms, observing the basic rules, while others argue that it will be possible to achieve the best results only in the correct phase of the moon.

Lunar calendar of vaccinations for 2020:

• April - 3, 5, 6, 9, 11-13, 17, 19, 21, 25-27;
• May - 1, 4, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 30, 31;
• June - 5-7, 9-11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27;
• July - 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 20;
• August - 3-5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 27, 30, 31;
• September - 1, 5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28;
• October - 1, 7, 8, 11, 14, 19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30.

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Training

Before grafting grapes in August, a number of preparatory work must be carried out. It is especially important to properly prepare the scion and stock.: it depends on them whether new shoots will take root or not.

Rootstock

A hardy frost-resistant plant is used as a stock. without signs of disease and pests. It must be powerful and have good turgor. A week before the procedure, the grapes are fed, sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate. Water the day before vaccination.

Excess foliage, dried and growing shoots in the wrong direction are removed from the rootstock bush, root growth. In order for the scion to take root, it is important to avoid shading it with a lot of greenery. All foliage and shoots, if any, are removed from the branch to be inoculated.

Important! Before grafting, the bush is watered abundantly. If after that no moisture is released from the sections, the procedure is repeated.

If the plant is planned to be made the basis for a new variety (completely replace the old one), cut off all shoots, except for those on which the grafting will be performed. In this case, it is important not to disturb the structure of the skeleton of the bush.

The shape of the cut on the stock depends on the method of grafting... Multiple shoots can be grown on one vine.

Graft

An shoot from a healthy bush with the best yield indicators is used as a scion, large and tasty fruits. Depending on the method, a green or lignified shoot is chosen, but green is usually used.

Advice! According to experienced winegrowers, the best results are observed when using rootstock and scion with the same degree of development.

The day before the procedure, the bush is abundantly watered and fed.... Cuttings are cut in the morning or evening when the sun is inactive.

Choosing even vines of the correct shape, without curvatures, spots, etc. The material for grafting is taken from the central part of the vine, stepping back 10-15 cm from the top of the shoot.

For summer grafting, cuttings are cut on the day of work... If this is done in a few days, the material is wrapped in a damp natural cloth. Purchased cuttings are transported in a film and, before use, are kept for several hours in a matter soaked in a growth stimulant or water.

If grafting is carried out immediately after stocking the stock, processing is optional.... The stalk is simply placed in a bucket of water while the stock is being prepared. In another case, the cut points are soaked in a growth stimulator, and the branch itself is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. L. Per bucket of water).

How to plant grapes correctly

The vaccination instruction depends on the chosen method. However, there is a few general rules, the observance of which increases the chances of success:

1. Garden tools and plants must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate. Do not touch the cut points with your hands. It is recommended to wear gloves.
2. Do not vaccinate when the sun is active. This will burn the plants and reduce the chances of survival.
3. The cut site is hermetically closed, since the tissues do not grow together when air enters.
4. The scion and rootstock sections should be tightly adjacent to each other, match in shape and size. Otherwise, tissue fusion will not occur.

Required materials and tools

For vaccination prepare tools in advance:

1. A sharp knife. It is best to use a stationery or paint shop with a thin blade. Some gardeners use a pruner or a grafting device.
2. Bucket with water. Used for soaking cuttings.
3. Wet cloth. It will be needed if the vaccination is not done immediately after harvesting the scion.
4. Growth stimulants. Store-bought ("Epin", "Solution") and homemade (honey, aloe juice) are suitable.
5. Alcohol. For tool processing.
6. Copper sulfate. Used for plant disinfection.
7. Film. To isolate the junction. Ordinary electrical tape and special garden tape are suitable.
8. Gloves.

Step-by-step instruction

Most often in August, the budding method is used... A grape bud is used, which is applied to the longitudinal section.

Peephole grafting into the butt:

1. The stalk, which will act as a scion, is placed in a bucket of water, cut down. There it is left until the stock is selected and prepared.
2. Choose a bush that will become a scion. A well-developed branch is cleaned of foliage and young shoots.
3. A well-developed kidney is chosen on the handle. It is cut longitudinally so that the length is 3 cm and the depth is about 2.5 mm.
4. A bud is selected on a branch of the stock. Cut from top to bottom so that the length, shape and depth of the cut on the bark coincide with the scion shield, and the width is 1 mm larger. The cut kidney is discarded.
5. The graft flap with the bud is applied with a cut to the prepared cut on the rootstock and pressed tightly.
6. The graft is tightly tied to the stock with a film, electrical tape or garden tape. The cut points should be hermetically closed, leaving only the center of the shield with the kidney open. The film is removed no earlier than 2 weeks later.

Thus inoculate the required number of kidneys... They are attached to one or different branches.

To make the same cuts, the scion and stock are applied so that the buds on both branches are opposite each other. Slices are done simultaneously.

Vaccination methods

Is it possible to plant grapes in summer in other ways? There are many methods of vaccination. Each has its own nuances.

To the root

The method is used to rejuvenate a bush or completely replace an old variety with a new one.... This allows you to maintain a strong root system, improving the characteristics of the plant.

Usually, the procedure is carried out in mid-spring, but some start it at the end of summer. Vaccination is done in cleavage.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Cuttings are harvested in advance. They should be no thinner than a pencil, matured, well developed. Not green, but lignified cuttings are implanted into the "black head" (as the root scion is called).
2. To get a shank, 30 cm recede from the top point of the vine, cutting off this part at an angle of 45 °. The upper part is thrown away. From the cut of the remaining part of the vine retreat down 12-15 cm and make an even cut. The resulting shank should have at least 2-3 eyes.
3. The lower part of the shank is grinded with a wedge on both sides to a height of 3 cm.
4. Chubuki are placed in a bucket of water or a growth stimulator solution during the preparation of the scion.
5. A hole 10-15 cm deep is dug around the root of the bush. The upper part of the bush is cut off.
6. In the center of the base of the stem, a split is made with a depth that coincides with the length of the scion blade.
7. A wedge is inserted into the base stock. If it matches the diameter of the scion, use only one shank; if the base is strong enough, insert several scions.
8. The cut sites are insulated with a film.

Into the cleft

Split grafting is considered the most common method for beginners. Its advantage is that it is not required to cut the rootstock in the shape of the scion.... Here, it is enough to carve a straight wedge and make the split of the correct depth.

There are 3 methods of cleft grafting: black to green, green to green and black to black. In all cases, cuttings 10-15 cm long are harvested, stepping back 30 cm from the end of the vine. Each of them should have 2-3 well-developed buds, which are cleared of leaves.

It is desirable that the diameters of the rootstock and the scion match. Before use, the scion branch is cleaned of leaves and cut at right angles.

Vaccination options:

1. Green to green... Held in the first half of summer (in June or July). The plants are preliminarily watered, fed, treated with a solution of copper sulfate. It is not required to soak green cuttings in a growth stimulator or water - it is enough to grind a wedge 3 cm long in their lower part, and make a 3 cm deep incision in the rootstock. The joint between the scion and the rootstock is tightly wrapped with foil.
2. Black to green... Works are carried out in late May or early June. The lower part of the previously harvested lignified shank is grinded with a wedge to a height of 3 cm and soaked in water until the buds swell. Then placed in a growth stimulator for half an hour. The upper part of the vine, to which the cutting will be grafted, is cut off. A cut 3-4 cm deep is made in the center. The scion wedge is inserted into the stock cut so that their eyes look in different directions. The joints are hermetically wrapped with foil.
3. Black to black... Held in the second half of August or early September. One side of the previously harvested lignified cutting is milled in the shape of a wedge. It is soaked until the buds swell and then placed in a growth stimulant solution. The scion vine is cut off. The cut site is wiped with a clean material soaked in water. A split 3-4 cm deep is made. The scion wedge is inserted into the rootstock split. The junction is hermetically wrapped with foil.

Budding

Grafting of grapes by budding is performed not only in the butt. there is several other ways to grow a kidney:

1. T-shaped cut... The graft bud is cut longitudinally so that the length is 3 cm and the depth is about 2.5 mm. A T-shaped incision is made on the bark of the stock so that the length of the vertical line is several millimeters longer than the shield, and the horizontal line is slightly larger than the width of the shield. The graft is inserted under the bark of the rootstock. The junction is tightly wrapped, leaving only the peephole open.
2. Lengthwise cut... The method is similar to the previous one, but instead of a T-shaped one, a horizontal cut is made. A kidney is inserted into the resulting pocket.
3. In sash... An incision in the form of valves is made on the node. To do this, 2 horizontal cuts are left above and below the node, and 1 vertical cuts in the center. The bark leaves are pushed apart, the bud is inserted.

Read also:

How and what to feed grapes in August

How to speed up the ripening of grapes in August

Post-vaccination care

After the procedure, it is important to properly care for the plant.:

1. Immediately after grafting, the bush is abundantly watered and spud. The soil in the trunk circle is carefully loosened. After a week, the culture is fed.
2. In order for the grafted parts to take root, it is important to water the bush abundantly after the soil has dried.
3. The condition of the scion is checked every 10 days. When it takes root, the film is removed.
4. If the vaccinations have not taken root within a month, they are removed. The works are repeated in the fall or next spring.

Tips from experienced winegrowers

Experienced growers know several secrets that increase the survival rate of the grafted parts:

• to activate tissue fusion, 1 tsp is added to the growth stimulator, where the shanks are soaked. honey;
• so as not to cut yourself when preparing the scion, the fingers are wrapped with two layers of adhesive plaster;
• Many gardeners do not consider it necessary to soak the shanks until the buds swell, leaving them in the water for only a few hours.

Conclusion

Most gardeners prefer to graft grapes in the spring. If during this period for some reason it was not possible to carry out it or the vaccinations simply did not take root, the procedure is postponed to the summer.

There are several ways to graft grapes. They are all simple to perform.The main thing is to follow the basic rules and follow the instructions.