What are the types and varieties of oats

More than 50 varieties of sowing oats are grown in Russia. They differ in a number of parameters, among which grain size, yield and optimal growing conditions are crucial.

Read about the difference between varieties of oats, as well as how to choose the most suitable one for planting.

Description and characteristics of oat culture

Oats were mastered by man about 4500 years ago... Initially, the culture was used exclusively as horse feed in the north and east of Europe. The first varieties of oats suitable for food appeared much later.

It is interesting. Until now, 95% of the harvested oats are used for animal feed, and only the remaining 5% are packaged for sale in stores and used in the food industry.

Oat grains contain:

• B vitamins;
• cobalt;
• manganese;
• zinc;
• starch - 40%.

BJU oatmeal:

• proteins - 15-18%;
• fats - 4%;
• carbohydrates - 60%.

Caloric content, depending on the processing method, is 62-370 kcal.

The most valuable is white oat grain... It is followed by black and fodder - gray and red. Fodder oats (oat straw and scales) are considered a coarse but nutritious crop.

What are the types of oats

Allocate from 16 to 22 types of oats... Among them there are cultural and wild (wild oats). Wild oats often grow like weeds, infesting cereal fields.

90% of the world harvest falls on the share of sowing oats (Avena sativa).

Sown oats are divided into:

• winter - resistant to cold, gives early harvests;
• spring - grown mainly as a fodder crop, unpretentious to climatic conditions, can give high yields in a temperate climate;
• filmy - got this name due to the fact that its grains are covered with a dense opaque film;
• naked - when ripe, the seeds become "bare", that is, they lose their film.

Grains naked forms oats have thin scales, easily lagging behind during processing, filmy grains are tough and dense.

Important! The color of the oats is inconsistent and tends to turn yellow in wet weather, which can make it difficult to identify the variety.

Oat varieties depending on the species

All varieties described below are sowing varieties. The grain of seed oats, unlike other species, has a strong pubescence... Cultivars of sown oats can be identified by the presence of horseshoes - small depressions in places where the grains are attached to the twigs. They help the mature grain to separate from the plant. The leaf plate has a small serrated tongue without ears. Panicle-shaped inflorescences, each ear has one or more flowers.

Sowing oats are resistant to low temperatures, but poorly tolerate heat... It requires abundant watering and tolerates excess moisture in the soil well. The lack of moisture is more harmful; resistance to this factor varies from variety to variety.

Oats are undemanding to soil, grows well on black soil and sandy loam, but does not tolerate excess salt. Needs nitrogen fertilizers. The best predecessors are legumes, corn, and potatoes.

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Winter varieties

The main feature of winter varieties is that the duration of the full ripening cycle together with the resting phase, it can last up to 250 days. Unlike other varieties, seeds are planted in the second half of autumn, shortly before the first frost.

An example of a winter oat variety - Antey: grows up to 100 cm, yields grain up to 6 c / ha and dry hay up to 4 c / ha.

Spring varieties

Spring varieties are sown in early spring, immediately after the snow melts.when the ground is still saturated with moisture. Under such conditions, the grains swell quickly, they tolerate temperatures from 0 ° C and even night frosts well.

Among the spring varieties are worthy of attention:

1. Barguzin - has large grains with thick scales, the total weight of 1000 grains is 40 g. The duration of the growing season is about 95 days. Fertility 35 kg / ha. Shows high drought tolerance.
2. Dogoy - has stems up to 100 cm high, and dark green leaves. Resistant to disease. The growing season lasts longer than usual - up to 100 days. The mass of 1000 grains is 35 g. The yield is low - up to 30 kg / ha.
3. Geser - a tall variety, poorly resistant to dry weather and disease. The ripening period of the crop is 85 days. Productivity up to 50 kg / ha. The mass of 1000 grains exceeds 35 g.

Naked oats

Naked oats are equally suitable for humans and forage... Three varieties of naked oats are most common:

1. Belarusian naked - has thick stems and elongated grains, rich in protein. The grains are light, the weight of 1000 grains is only about 25-28 g. It has an increased immunity to many diseases. Fertility up to 50 kg / ha.
2. Lefty - erect, growing straight up. The growing season is relatively short - about 2 months. The scales are covered with a waxy coating. The grains are medium-sized, contain a lot of protein, the mass is 1000 pcs. reaches 30 g. The yield is below average, up to 40 kg / ha.
3. Solomon - resistant to dry weather and disease, has tall erect bushes. Productivity up to 40 kg / ha. Ripening period up to 90 days. Weight of 1000 grains - up to 28 g.

Chalk oats

Filmy varieties are:

• paniculate - are distinguished by horizontal fastening of spikelets and spreading shoots;
• single-maned - the twigs are pressed against the stem, attached evenly.

Filmy varieties often have high yields... Popular among them:

1. Fighter - upright, with large grains. Spikelets look down, their surface is covered with fine fluff. Drought-resistant, prone to many diseases, demanding to care.
2. Mascot - highly resistant to diseases, especially smut, and dry weather. Grains contain a lot of protein, have a thickened and elongated shape. The growing season is up to 75 days. The mass of 1000 grains reaches 40 g. The yield is up to 75 kg / ha.
3. a lion - a variety with bushes of medium height, about 60 cm. The growing season is up to 90 days. Susceptible to most diseases. Productivity up to 60 kg / ha. Weight of 1000 grains up to 40 g.

The best productive varieties of oats

High-yield oat varieties:

1. Merlin - mid-season annual. It has an average resistance to drought, prone to lodging. Ripening period 75-95 days. Susceptible to fungal diseases and infections. The size of the grains is less than average, the weight of 1000 pieces is 30-32 g. The maximum yield is 80 c / ha, the average is 35-40 c / ha.
2. Argamak - mid-season variety with a yield of up to 90 kg / ha. Resistant to lodging. The dense, high quality white seeds contain about 15% protein. The mass of 1000 grains is 30-36 g.
3. Trump - medium early white grain variety. Productivity up to 84 kg / ha. Stems and leaves are covered with a clearly visible bloom. Disease and drought resistant. The grains are large, the weight of 1000 pieces is 34-37 g.
4. Gait - mid-season variety with a growing season of 80-90 days. Average yield - 35-40 kg / ha, record - 80 kg / ha. The leaves are covered with a thin waxy coating.

Tips and tricks for choosing a variety

Consider the following factors when choosing the right oat variety:

• climatic conditions in your area - temperature regime, amount of precipitation, duration of the warm season;
• the purpose for which you intend to grow oats - food, animal feed, etc.;
• required weight of the crop of seeds and straw;
• the duration of the growing season;
• infections and pests common in your area.

If your region has a long summer, the varieties Allur, Dogon, Barguzin and Solomon are suitable for you. If it's short - Lefty and Talisman. If you live in an arid area, Trump, Solomon, Barguzin and Talisman will do.If you want to grow large grains, choose Talisman, Trump and Lion.

Conclusion

The features of different varieties of oats described in the article allow you to choose the ideal crop for food purposes or for livestock feed, for warm or temperate climates, long or short summers, for wet and arid regions.