What properties should non-covering grape varieties possess and which of them are considered the best
The grape prefers warm and well-lit garden plots, belongs to the southern crops and shows the highest yield in the south of the country. However, this does not mean that it will not take root in the middle lane - a number of varieties adapt and stably bear fruit in regions with difficult climatic conditions (frost, winds, fogs).
These varieties are called non-covering - they do not require shelter for the winter, the shoots do not freeze, they ripen quickly the next year. What non-covering grape varieties are recognized as the best and what to look for when choosing, we will consider in the article.
The content of the article
What are uncovered grape varieties
The frost resistance of most grape varieties does not exceed -24 ° C, but some can withstand temperatures as low as -28 ° C. The vines do not freeze in winter, so there is no need to cover them for the winter. That is why such grapes are called uncovered. It is common in all regions - from the south to central Russia, the Urals and Siberia... Gardeners do not need to waste time preparing the covering material and carrying out the procedure itself.
Top best
Grapes that do not require shelter for the winter have always been popular with gardeners. It is not a hassle, and the yield does not depend on the weather and other external factors.
Saperavi north
Northern Saperavi belongs to the mid-late varieties, the harvest is harvested in early October. Fruiting is extended, the grapes do not crumble after ripening. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to mildew, gray rot and powdery mildew. Bunches of medium density and conical shape, weighing 105 g. Berries are oval, weighing 1 g, the peel is dark blue, firm, with a waxy bloom. The pulp is juicy, each berry contains 2-3 seeds. The taste is pleasant, with a slight sourness. Northern Saperavi belongs to technical varieties, suitable for the production of juices, wines and other grape drinks. The fruits are transportable, do not deteriorate during transportation, retain their taste and marketability.
Louise Swenson
European-American variety steady to Russian frosts, it bears fruit stably in any region of the country. The ripening period is about 130 days from the moment the buds open. Harvested in mid or late September. Technical grapes, but universal in use: suitable for fresh consumption, processing, making table wines. The clusters are large, cylindrical in shape. The berries are round-oval, the weight of one is about 3 g. The color is white-yellow, the skin is thin, translucent. The pulp is crispy, the taste is pleasant - sweet with a honey-fruity aroma. Louise Swenson is famous for its frost resistance - it can withstand temperatures down to -40 ° C.
Sharov's riddle
The bushes are tall, the shoots ripen quickly and amicably, the harvest is harvested in the fall. Leaves are green, medium-sized, without pubescence. The flowers are bisexual - the plant does not need wasps and bees for fruiting. The bunches are winged, the density is loose, the weight is from 150 to 500 g, depending on the growing conditions and compliance with agrotechnical rules. The berries are round, weighing 2-3 g. The pulp is very juicy and tender, melts in the mouth. The color of the fruit is dark blue, the skin is firm with a slight waxy bloom.Grapes are processed into wine, juices and compotes, as well as eaten fresh. The variety is appreciated for its versatility, unpretentiousness and frost resistance.
Attention! Despite the frost resistance of non-covering varieties, it is recommended to carry out root and foliar feeding annually. They strengthen the immune system with the help of mineral fertilizers - 65 g of nitrophos and 7 g of boric acid are required for 10 liters of water. The components are mixed and applied under the plant at the beginning of flowering. Top dressing accelerates the ripening of the vines and increases productivity.
Winchell
The ripening period is early, in the south of the country the harvest is harvested at the end of August. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large, rounded, the flowers are bisexual. Neat bushes are grown not only for harvesting, but also for decorative purposes. Shoots ripen quickly. Bunches of cylindrical-conical shape, very loose, weigh about 300 g. Berries are oval-rounded, dense, white-green in color. The taste is harmonious and sweet.
Winchell is resistant to common crop diseases, rarely damaged by insects. When growing, it does not require special skills, it quickly adapts to the climatic conditions of the region. Suitable for central Russia, as well as the Vladimir and Volgograd regions.
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Valiant
The American variety Valiant is early-maturing and winter-hardy. Ripens by mid or late August, withstands frosts down to -39 ° C. Bushes vigorous with fast ripening shoots. The ripening period lasts from 130 to 138 days. The weight of the bunch is 100 g, the length of the bunch is about 10 cm. The berries are round, dark blue, dense, elastic. The thin skin is easily separated from the pulp, the seeds in the fruits are large. The taste is delicate and harmonious, with a pronounced strawberry aftertaste. Among the disadvantages, susceptibility to mildew is noted - it is recommended to carry out preventive measures.
Maurice Earley
Early ripe table grapes are universal in use - suitable for fresh consumption, processing, transportation. The fruits are used to make jams and preserves. Maurice Earley ripens at the end of September, conical clusters, medium size. The berries are small, black and purple. The taste is original - sweet with an aftertaste of the famous Isabella grape. Frost resistance of uncovered grapes - down to -36 ° C, the variety is suitable for planting in the middle zone of the country, Moscow suburbs, Ural and Siberian regions. Raised by Maurice Earley for personal use and sale. Planting and grooming does not require special skills.
Lucille
The variety is universal, it is appreciated for the attractive appearance of the fruits, frost resistance, immunity against gray rot, aphids, wasps, powdery mildew. The bunches are oval, the weight varies from 300 to 900 g. The weight of the berry is about 3 g, the shape is rounded, the color is pink-purple. The skin is hard and thick, the seeds are small. Lucille has a simple taste with a sour aftertaste. Grapes are grown primarily as an ornamental plant - they place seedlings near arches, arbors and other garden buildings. The fruits are used for the production of wine and juice.
Attention! Any grape can get sick with fungal and viral diseases. Simple agrotechnical measures help protect it from mildew (downy mildew): harvesting fallen leaves, removing weeds, and timely formation of bushes. Spraying with fungicides helps to protect against rust and powdery mildew.
Lydia, or Isabella pink
Lydia grapes are grown for the sake of the harvest and to decorate the garden area. The bushes are medium-sized, green leaves are dissected into 3 lobes. The brushes are small, the density is loose, the shape is cylindrical, the average weight is 100 g. The berries are round-oval, pink-purple in color. The pulp is juicy and slimy, the taste is sweet with a pleasant strawberry aftertaste. The berry weighs about 4 g, the skin is strong with a waxy bloom.
Lydia grows on any soil, does not require special care. The dense skin protects the berries from damage, so the grapes are transported over long distances and grown for sale. Gardeners recommend picking berries immediately after ripening. Recommended growing region - Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region.
Amethyst
Super early table variety ripens in 90-100 days. The bushes are tall, the shoots ripen quickly along their entire length. They have light brown, green leaves, wrinkled and curved. The flowers are bisexual, so pollination takes place annually without wasps and bees. The bunches are large, on a short stem, the average weight is 300 g. The shape is cylindrical, the density is average. Berries are dark pink with a purple hue, weighing from 6 to 8 g. The pulp is juicy and crispy, fleshy. The taste is sweet and sour, harmonious, with a pleasant nutmeg aftertaste. Tasting assessment of Amethyst grapes - 8 points out of 10. Frost resistance - up to -25 ° C.
The best early-ripening, mid-ripening, late-ripening grape varieties
The best early-maturing non-covering varieties are Stremennoy, Muscat Moskovsky, Kubattik. Their ripening period does not exceed 110 days, the vines ripen amicably and quickly. Summer residents appreciate these varieties not only for their early maturity, but also for their resistance to phylloxera and oidium, wasps and aphids. The berries are large, with a pleasant taste and aroma.
From mid-season grapes are distinguished Andreevsky and Amursky breakthrough... Non-covering varieties are used for home production, seedlings are suitable for growing in any region. In use, grapes are universal, juices, preserves, jams are prepared from the fruits.
The best late-ripening non-covering varieties - Rubin Azos and Winner... They have increased winter hardiness, high immunity to diseases. In cultivation, grapes are unpretentious, which attracts amateur winegrowers and ordinary gardeners.
Wine and canteens
Wine varieties are used in winemaking - dry and semi-dry wines, as well as champagne and cognac are prepared from fruits. The fruits have a pleasant nutmeg aroma and a tart aftertaste. Popular wine varieties are Aroma of Summer and Ryabinsky. The fruit juice is colorless, the pulp is tender, the taste is original. Fruiting lasts a long time; after ripening, the berries do not crumble or crack.
Table grapes are recommended for fresh consumption and are distinguished by attractive commercial qualities. Varieties Bashkir and Alexander do not require special skills for planting, easy to grow. They are characterized by increased resistance to diseases and pests, and are used for transportation.
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White, dark, pink
Annushka white grape variety ripens in August, dining destination. The berries are white, oval, with a harmonious and pleasant taste. Annushka's tasting score - 8.2 points. Also, there is a white variety Bogotyanovskiy with light yellow fruits with a green tint, ovoid, large. The pulp is tender and juicy, the juice is colorless. Berries are suitable for transportation, sale, long-term storage. The appointment is universal.
Dark grade Anthracite looks beautiful on the vine: the fruits are blue-black, the berries are egg-shaped. The bunches are conical, the weight of one is about 750 g. The flowers are bisexual, the yield is stable. No shelter required in the southern regions of the country... Another popular dark variety is the Zelenolugsky ruby. Ripening is early, the bushes are tall. The berries are round-elongated. Resistant to phylloxera and other diseases, rarely damaged by wasps.
Lunny and Pink Muscat varieties transportable, unpretentious in cultivation. Strong vines ripen quickly, the berries do not crumble. The varieties are frost-resistant, characterized by increased immunity to downy mildew. The attractive pink fruit is suitable for any kind of processing.
Best for different growing regions
For cultivation in regions with frosts and sharp cold snaps, they choose the Muromets or Yubileiny varieties. They belong to the early maturing, the harvest is harvested in late August or early September. Fruiting lasts 2 to 3 weeks. Frost resistance of varieties - up to -28 ° C, strong immunity.
Rochefort and Skungub 6 varieties are suitable for central Russia... Frost resistance is above average, plants quickly adapt to the climatic conditions of the region. The size of the crop is influenced by the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers applied.
For the southern lands, the varieties Platovsky, Narma, Morastel are chosen. Plants show the highest yield in warm and sunny summers. Grapes are grown for personal use and for industrial purposes - for sale and transportation.
To the arch
The grapes on the arch are winter-hardy and have an attractive appearance. Beautiful vines will decorate a garden arch, gazebo, house or garage. One of the common varieties is Elegant. The bushes are medium-sized, the vines are long and strong. The berries are large, round-oval, green. The taste is nutmeg, the pulp is juicy. The weight of the bunch reaches 700 g. Frost resistance - up to -26 ° C.
The arched variety Galben Nou is also popular.... Tall bushes with large green leaves. Berry weight - about 8 g, amber-white color, nutmeg aroma. The grapes are disease-resistant, frost-resistant up to -25 ° C. Grows well on loamy and sandy loam soils, unpretentious in care.
Seedless
- Seedless grapes are ideal for fresh consumption and processing. Kesha variety is early ripening, ripening period - about 115 days... The berries are green, juicy and tender, round in shape. The brushes are dense and large, the average weight of one is 600 g. During the summer, Kesha gives up to 7 kg of yield per plant. Wasp is not damaged, frost-resistant, universal purpose.
- Jupiter grade famous for its beautiful and even berries of a rich purple hue. Plants enter fruiting early, rarely affected by fungal diseases. Bunches are conical, semi-friable. Wax coating and dense rind protect against cracking and pests.
How to choose an uncovered grape variety
When choosing a variety, attention is paid to the ripening period, care requirements, the appearance of the fruits, their taste. For regions with cool and short summers, early maturing frost-resistant varieties are chosen, for the south - late ones, for central Russia - mid-season ones. For fresh consumption, seedless table grapes or grapes with small seeds are planted; any berries are suitable for processing. For the production of wine and juice - technical (wine) varieties.
If the grapes are grown for sale, pay attention to their appearance. The berries should have a dense rind, firm pulp, waxy coating. Fruits with a thin skin are better suited for processing.
Conclusion
Before purchasing a new variety, it is recommended to study its description and photos, read reviews of other gardeners. Uncovered grapes have always been popular - they are frost-hardy, unpretentious, and show a stable yield every year. The best non-covering varieties are Sharov's Riddle, Valiant, Maurice Earley. Growing a good harvest is within the power of both experienced and novice winegrowers. Such grapes are grown in the Urals, in Siberia, Central region, southern lands. Many came to Russia from the selection of Ukraine or Belarus.